British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
C H A P T E R I
IDENTITY § 1. A Political Entity ; 1. How old is the United ; The United Kingdom of Great Britain and : Kingdom of Great Britain : Northern Ireland, to give it its formal title, is a : and Northern Ireland as : highly centralised and unitarv state, and its main ; a political entity? • component England, has been so for almost a thousand years, longer than any other Euro- pean country. As a political entity however, Britain (as the United Kingdom is loosely called) is less than 300 years old, being the state which emerged from the union of the ancient kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707. It is widely assumed that the British are a relatively homogeneous society with strong sense of identity, but it is an assumption that requires considerable qualification. Even after 300 years the terms 'British' and 'Britain' which are used for official purposes, can also seem very artificial. ; 2. Why can the terms ; For centuries it has been the idea of : ' B r i t a i n ' and 'British' : England (or Scotland), rather than of Britain, • seem very artificial? '• which has been charged with patriotic emo- tion. The idea of England is invoked at times of national crisis, for example at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, whenAdmi- ral Lord Nelson's famous order to the British fleet read, 'England expects that eveiy man will do his d u t y ' In 1939 during Parliament's emergencv debate on the eve of war. one Member of Parliament (MP) called across the chamber to another who was rising to speak: 'Come on, Arthur, speak for England.' If you look up 'Britain', 'British' and 'Briton' you will find 'See Eng- land'. Most people call Britain 'England", and the British 'English", as if Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland were merely outer parts of England. Nothing, it should be said, infuriates a Scot more than ignorantly to be called English, or for all Britain to be referred to as England. Many Welsh and Northern Irish feel similarly about their identity. While Britain is instinctively thought of by many as 'England', so also the idea of England evokes images of the Queen, Parliament, Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and the soft landscape of the southern coun- ties of England. This is not so surprising since almost one quarter of the British people live within 25 miles of London's Trafalgar Square. 4 There is. perhaps, an excuse for people who use the word 'England' when they mean 'Britain'. It cannot be denied that the domi- nant culture of Britain today is specifically English. The system of politics that is used in all four nations today is of English origin, and English is the main language of all four nations. Many aspects of everyday life are organized according to English custom and practice. But the political unification of Britain was not achieved by mutual agreement. On the contra- ry It happened because England was able to exert her economic and mili- tary power over the other three nations. Today English domination can be detected in the way in which various aspects of British public life are described. For example, the supply of money in Britain is controlled by the Bank of England (there is no such thing as a' Bank of Britain'). The present queen of the country is universally known as 'Elizabeth the Second', even though Scotland and Northern Ireland have never had an 'Elizabeth the First'! (Elizabeth I of England and Wales ruled from 1553 to 1603.) The term 'Anglo' is also commonly used. (The Angles were a Germanic tribe who settled in England in the fifth century. The word 'England' is derived from their name.) For example, newspapers and the television news talk about 'Anglo-American relations' to refer to relations between the governments of Britain and the USA (and not just those between England and the USA). Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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