British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
§ 2. The Native British
; 1. What are the ways of ; The United Kingdom is a land of great : expressing national ('eth- : diversity, partly in its landscape, but more im- '. nic') identity? '. portantly in the human sphere. There are four territorial divisions, Scotland, England. Wales and Northern Ireland (or Ulster). They all carry a special sense of identity which is strongly affected by the tension between their own distinctive his- tory and tradition and centralised government from London. National 'ethnic' loyalties can be strong among the people in Britain yvhose ancestors were not English. For some people living in England who call themselves Scottish, Welsh or Irish, this loyalty is little more than a matter of emotional attachment. But for others, it goes a bit further and they may even 6 join one of the sporting and social clubs for "exiles' from these nations. These clubs promote national folk music, organize parties on special national days and foster a consciousness of domg things differently from the English : 2. How does ethnic iden- : For people living m Scotland, Wales and • tity express itself in dif- • Northern Ireland, the way that ethnic identity ; ferent p a r t s of G r e a t : commonly expresses itself varies. People in '• Britain? Scotland have constant reminders of their dis- tinctiveness. First, several important aspects of public life are organized separately and differently, from the rest of Britain - notably, education, law and religion. Second,the Scottish way of speaking English is very distinctive. A modern form of the dialect knovvn as Scots is spoken in everyday life by most of the working classes in the lowlands. Third, there are many sym- bols of Scottishness which are well-known throughout Britain. However, the feeling of being Scottish is not that simple. This is part- ly because of the historical cultural split between highland and lowland Scot- land. A genuinely Scottish Gaelic sense of cultural identity is, in modern times, felt only by a few tens of thousands of people in some of the yvestern isles of Scotland and the adjoining mainland. These people speak Scottish Gaelic (which they call 'Gallic') as a first language. The people of Wales do not have as many reminders of their Welsh- ness in everyday life. The organization of public life is identical to that in England. Nor are there as many well-known symbols of Welshness. In ad- dition, a large minority of the people in Wales probably do not consider them- selves to be especially Welsh at all. In the nineteenth century large numbers of Scottish, Irish and English people yvent to find work there, and today many English people still make their homes in Wales or have holiday houses there. As a result, a feelmg of loyalty to Wales is often similar in nature to the fairly weak loyalties to particular geographical areas found throughout England - it is regional rather than nationalistic. However, there is one single highly-important symbol of Welsh identity - the Welsh language. Everybody in Wales can speak English, but it is not eve- rybody's first language. For about 2 0 % of the population (that's more than half a million people), the mother-tongue is Welsh. For these people Welsh identity obviously means more than just living in the region known as Wales. As for English identity, most people who describe themselves as English usually make no distinction in their minds between 'English' and 7 British". There is plenty of evidence of this. For example, at international football or rugby matches, when the players stand to attention to hear their national anthems, the Scottish, Irish and Welsh have their own songs, while the English one is just 'God Save the Queen' - the same as the British national anthem. Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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