Buxoro davlat universiteti xorijiy tillar fakulteti ingliz adabiyotshunosligi kafedrasi

particularly focused on catering to one particular audience in a formal way. In 
addition modernist literature often forcefully opposes, or gives an alternative 
opinion, on a social concept. Common concerns of modernism are: the breaking 
down of social norms, rejection of standard social ideas, and traditional thoughts and 
expectations, rejection of religion and anger against the effects of the world wars. 
As well, modernists tend to reject of history, social systems, and emphasize 
alienation in modern urban and industrial societies.  
Modernist writers proclaimed a new "subject matter" for literature and they felt that 
their new way of looking at life required a new form, a new way of writing. Writers 

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of this period tend to pursue more experimental and usually more highly 
individualistic forms of writing.
Albert Camus (1913-1960) was a representative of non-metropolitan French 
literature. His origin in Algeria and his experiences there in the thirties were 
dominating influences in his thought and work. Of semi-proletarian parents, early 
attached to intellectual circles of strongly revolutionary tendencies, with a deep 
interest in philosophy (only chance prevented him from pursuing a university career 
in that field), he came to France at the age of twenty-five. The man and the times 
met: Camus joined the resistance movement during the occupation and after the 
liberation was a columnist for the newspaper Combat. But his journalistic activities 
had been chiefly a response to the demands of the time; in 1947 Camus retired from 
political journalism and, besides writing his fiction and essays, was very active in 
the theatre as producer and playwright (e.g., Caligula, 1944). He also adapted plays 
by Calderon, Lope de Vega, Dino Buzzati, and Faulkner'sRequiem for a Nun. His 
love for the theatre may be traced back to his membership in L'Equipe, an Algerian 
theatre group, whose "collective creation" Révolte dans les Asturies (1934) was 
banned 
for 
political 
reasons. 
The essay Le Mythe de Sisyphe (The Myth of Sisyphus), 1942, expounds Camus's 
notion of the absurd and of its acceptance with "the total absence of hope, which has 
nothing to do with despair, a continual refusal, which must not be confused with 
renouncement - and a conscious dissatisfaction". Meursault, central character 
of L'Étranger (The Stranger), 1942, illustrates much of this essay: man as the 
nauseated victim of the absurd orthodoxy of habit, later - when the young killer faces 
execution - tempted by despair, hope, and salvation. Dr. Rieux of La Peste (The 
Plague), 1947, who tirelessly attends the plague-stricken citizens of Oran, enacts the 
revolt against a world of the absurd and of injustice, and confirms Camus's words: 
"We refuse to despair of mankind. Without having the unreasonable ambition to save 
men, we still want to serve them". Other well-known works of Camus are La 
Chute (The Fall), 1956, and L'Exil et le royaume (Exile and the Kingdom), 1957. 
His austere search for moral order found its aesthetic correlative in the classicism of 
his art. He was a stylist of great purity and intense concentration and rationality. 
Franz Kafka 3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was an influential German-
language author of novels and short stories, regarded as among the greatest writers 
of the 20th century. The term "Kafkaesque" has entered the English language to 
describe situations like the ones in his writing. 
Kafka was born in a middle class, German-speaking, Jewish family, in Prague, then