Listening
S E C T I O N 4
Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Noise in Cities
Past research focused on noise level (measured in decibels) and people’s responses.
N oise ‘m a p s’
•
show that the highest noise levels are usually found on roads
0
do not show other sources
of noise, e.g. when windows are open or people’s
neighbours are in their 3 1 .................. .............
•
ignore variations in people’s perceptions of noise
e
have made people realize that the noise is a 3 2 .............................. ■ issue that
must be dealt with
P roblem s
caused by noise
*
sleep disturbance
•
increase in amount of stress
9
effect on the 3 3 ............................. of schoolchildren
D iffe re n t ty p e s o f no ise
Some noises can be considered pleasant e.g. the sound of a 3 4 ..........
in
a town
To investigate this, researchers may use methods from 3 5 .....................
sciences e.g. questionnaires
W hat
people w a n t
Plenty of activity in urban environments which are 3 6 ............................... •, but also
allow people to relax
But architects
and town planners
9
do not get much 3 7 ...............................in acoustics
8
regard sound as the responsibility of engineers
U n d e rsta n d in g s o u n d as an a rt fo rm
We need to know
•
how sound relates to 38 ................................
*
what can be learnt from psychology about the effects of sound
•
whether physics can help us understand the 3 9 ....... ........... ............ of sound
Virtual
reality programs
e
advantage: predict the effect of buildings
9
current disadvantage: they are 4 0 ...... ................. .... .
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