Chapter tenses (zamonlar). Unit to be lesson present “to be”

UNIT 4. PERFECT TENSES ().
LESSON 1. PRESENT PERFECT.
Structure:
Present Perfect Simple: Present Perfect Continuous:
P: S+have/has+Ved/V3… P: S+have/has+been+Ving…
N: S+haven’t/hasn’t+Ved/V3… N: S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+Ving…
Sh.A.Q: Have/Has+S+Ved/V3…? Sh.A.Q: Have/Has+S+been+Ving…?
Yes, S(p)+have/has. Yes, S(p)+have/has.
No, S(p)+haven’t/hasn’t. No, S(p)+haven’t/hasn’t.
Q: Q.W.+have/has+S+Ved/V3…? Q: Q.W.+have/has+S+been+Ving…?

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  The Present Perfect o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish harakat natijasini xozirga zamonda ko’rsayk Pres Perf dan foydalanamiz. Signal so’zlar:
  

just-xozirgina (asosiy fe’ldan oldin ishlatiladi)
already-allaqachon (asosiy fe’ldan oldin keladi)
yet-haliyam (gapning oxirida keladi)
I’ve just had lunch. (=I’m full)
She’s already repaired the computer. (=you can use it now, it works)
I haven’t done my homework, yet. (=I still have to do my homework)

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  Present Perfect berilgan vaqtda sodir bo’lgan yoki qilingan ish harakatlarni aytganimizda ishlatamiz bizning hayotimiz ham haligacha davom etyapti. Shuning uchun kimdir hayoti davomida qilgan yoki qilmagan ishlarini aytganimizda Pres Perf dan foydalanamiz. Signal so’zlar:
  

ever-hech yoki qachondir (asosiy fe’ldan oldin keladi)
never-hech qachon (asosiy fe’ldan oldin keladi)
Have you repaired my car? (since the time I brought it to you until now)
I’ve never sailed in the sea. (in my life)
Have you ever lost your passport? (in your life)

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  The Present Perfect biror bir ish harakatni qancha vaqt davom etganini aytganimizda ishlatamiz. Signal so’zlar:
  

how long-qancha vaqt (so’roq so’z)
since-dan beri (ish harakatning boshlangan vaqtidan beri)
for-dan beri (qancha vaqt ketgani)
How long have you worked here?
I’ve been learning English for ages.
I’ve known my best friend since I was a child.

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  The Present Perfect tugatilmagan vaqt ifodalari bilan ishlatiladi: today/this week/this month…
  

I’ve written ten pages today.

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  The Present Perfect yaqinda sodir bo’lgan ish harakatni birincha martta aytganimizda ishlatamiz. Signal so’zlar:
  

recently-yaqindagina (asosiy fe’ldan oldin kelaadi)
so far-shu paytgacha, xozirgacha (gapning oxirida keldi)

• 
  You know, she has recently bought a new car.
  
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  Really? What kind of car did she buy?