Chemistry and catalysis advances in organometallic chemistry and catalysis
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29.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Organometallic polymers, pioneered in 1955, have been developed in a variety of ways that involve molecular engineering in order to target precise functions and applications. The nature of the structure of organometallic polymers governs the
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 399 Fe SiMe 2 m h ν, 5 °C
THF Fe Si Me Me Na + Si Me Me Fe m −1 1. n , h ν, 20 °C, THF Co 2. MeOH
Fe Si Me Me H m Co OTf
n Na + + 3. NH
4 OTf, O
2 Scheme 29.20 Synthesis of Fe–Co-bimetallic block copolymers through photocontrolled ring-opening polymerization (ROP). N N
Cl n Pd(OAc)
2 CH 2 Cl 2 RT N N N N N N Ag Pd(OAc)
2 Pd(OAc)
2 Mes
Mes Mes
Mes Cl N N N N Ag Mes
Mes Cl
n x y n Scheme 29.21 Preparation of functional palladium-NHC-containing polymer by transmetalation from a Ag(I)–NHC-based side-chain heterometal-organometallic polymer. solubility and properties in applications such as catalysis, molecular electronics, photonics, sensing, and nanomedicine. Actually, the most studied properties and possible application of organometallic polymers include light harvesting with the antenna effect to funnel energy from many photosensitive branch termini toward the focal group of the dendron, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and photovoltaic devices. The photophysical properties are a powerful source of sensors, as are the redox properties using, for instance, the ferrocenyl groups. Catalysis is another important application of organometallic polymers. Encapsulation and micellar structures play a key role, because small catalytically active transition metal nanoparticles can be embedded in the nanometric structures. The supramolecular properties of organometallic polymers could govern their functions. Recent breakthroughs in recyclable catalysts have
400 ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS involved the development of metal-containing polymers whose metal centers are specifically designed to facilitate organic transformations. The supramolecular properties of organometallic polymers are thus involved in their applications. Last but not least, the importance of organometallic polymers synthesis should be emphasized because molecular engineering requires more and more sophisticated design and synthetic skill. Incorporation of metals as an integral component of a polymer backbone remains a synthetic challenge that will undoubtedly be met with the development of new methodologies in polymer, inorganic, and organometallic chemistry. Use of a combination of covalent bonds and supramolecular interactions has increased the span of the field and allowed researchers to develop unique structures with useful properties. The rapid expansion of the field shows that it is moving beyond mere refinement of synthetic technique and exploration of physical properties. The emphasis now must be on rational design and synthesis of new organometallic polymers with practical applications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support cofinanced by the EU FEDER: the Spanish MINECO (CTQ2010-20952) and Junta de Andaluc´ıa through PAI (research teams FQM-317) and Excellence Projects P07-FQM-03092 and P09-FQM-5402. Thanks are also given to COST Action CM0802 (WG2, WG3, WG4). M. Serrano-Ruiz is grateful to Excellence project P09-FQM-5402 for a postdoctoral contract and F. Scalambra to the U. Almer´ıa for a PhD grant. Our thanks to Professor Antonio Barbero for language corrections. REFERENCES 1. Arimoto, F. S.; Haven, A. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77 , 6295. 2. Nguyen, P.; G´omez-Elipe, P.; Manners, I. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99 , 1515. 3. Abd-El-Aziz, A. S. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2002, 23 , 995. 4. Swager, T. M.; Kingsborough, R. P. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 1999, p 123; Vol. 48 . 5. Manners, I. Synthetic Metal-Containing Polymers; Wiley-VHC Verlag GmbH: Weinheim, 2004. 6. Abd-El-Aziz A. S.; Carraher Jr. C. E.; Pittman Jr. C. U.; Zeldin M.; Vol.1 to Vol. 10; Macromolecules Containing Metal and
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