Comparative study of compound words in English and Indonesian Fransiska Napitupulu


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1712070738 2016 The Episteme Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol 3 No 1 1.Comparative study of compound words in English and Indonesian

Noun Compound 
The pattern of noun compound is any root + noun. the second root must be a 
noun while the first root may be a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb. Example of 
noun compounds are as follows:
N + N (modifier-head) : ash-tray, arm-chair, text-book 
V + N (verb-object)
: dare-devil, pick-pocket 
Aj + N (modifier-head)
: black-bird, hard-cover 
Av + N (not syntactic) : after-thought, back-talk, down-grade 
A noun phrase is made up of a noun and all its modifiers. A noun phrase can 
function as a subject, an object, or a complement. Some noun phrases start with an 
infinitive (to+verb) or a gerund (a verb+ing).
A verbal phrase is a verb form that is used as a noun or adjective. There are three 
types of verbal, they are gerunds, participles, and infinitives. 
 Gerunds 
A gerund is a verbal noun (a verb form used as a noun), it has the same form as 
the present participle ( -ing added to it). For example, read is the verb, added by –ing to 



form the word reading. In other example, swim added by –ing to form the word 
swimming. Now, the following points on gerunds: 
a. As a subject 
Teaching is a noble proffession. 
b. As a direct object 
John loves teaching 
c. As an object of a preposition
I’m fond of eating and drinking 
d. As a predicate noun after a lingking verb 
Seeing is believing 
e. As an appositive 
His hobby, swimming, has helped to keep him healthy 
Participles 
A participle is a verb added by –ed and –ing. For example, work add with –ing to 
form the word working. The –ing form is an active adjective and the –ed form is a passive 
adjective. Now, we can look the other ways: 
-ing form : his mother is working in a factory 
-past participle : i was bored by the lecture 
Infinitives 
An infinitive is a verb with “to”. we call such a phrase a To-infinitive and 
represent it: to +verb. For example: they allowed the children to leave school early. 
An infinitive phrase without to is called a “bare infinitive’’ and we simply 
represent it: verb. For example: they let the children leave school early.

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