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- All italicized terms are Kyrgyz unless indicated. Kazakh terms are similar to Kyrgyz. Pr.=Persian; Ar.=Arabic; Rus =Russian; Kz.=Kazakh; Uz.=Uzbek; Mong =Mongol.
Privratsky, p. 149. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 358 Unlike the ordinary people, native scholars and intellectuals are aware of this aspect of their religious worldview and values. Therfore, as educated and knowledgeable men and women in their society, they feel obligated to teach their people the values of their native customs and traditions, because, in my opinion, only pride and respect for one’s native culture can prevent the loss of one’s native language and ethno-national identity. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Glossary406 359
aba - paternal uncle, i.e., older brother of one’s father. agay - a respected term of address used by students for their male teachers. aginay - name of a clan within the Saruu tribe. ak chblm.dk - Kyrgyz traditional game played under the moonlight on a green summer pasture.
ak kiydi - lit.: “dressed in white;” referring to the tradition of replacing the black colored dress of women in mourning, especially widows, with white or bright colored dresses and scarfs.
were mostly owned by khans and tribal leaders. akin - oral improvising poet; tokmo akin-master oral poet. aksakal - “white bearded man,” a term of address for a respected elderly man. Aks'i - a region in the Jalal-Abad province of southern Kyrgyzstan. ala dopu - round shaped cap made from cotton worn by Uzbek men. apa - mother. apchi - a kinship term for an older sister in the Aks'i and Talas dialects of Kyrgyzstan. aqiyda - (Ar.) religious creed arbak - (A r.) ancestral spirit; spirit of the deceased. ash - a memorial feast offered within a year after the death of a person. Ash is an elaborate feast where horses and sheep are killed in honor of guests who come to pay tribute to the deceased. Traditional horse races and other games are organized by the host who gives prizes in livestock for the winners. ash/paloo - pilaf made with beef/lamb, carrots, and rice. ashkana - cafeteria. ashar - work done by volunteers’ help. ashpozchu - [pilaf] cook. at bayge - traditional long distance horse race. Horses four years and older participate in this particular race. ata konush - ancestral nomadic camp. ata meken - fatherland. avtolavka (Rus.) - truck store which brought goods to villages during the Soviet period. ayil okmbtii - village government introduced in Kyrgyzstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. ayran - sour curdled milk; yogurt. aytish/aytis (Kz.)- traditional singing contest between two poets who challenge each other in improvising poems with initial alliteration and end rhyme, characteristic of Kyrgyz and Kazakh oral poetry.
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All italicized terms are Kyrgyz unless indicated. Kazakh terms are similar to Kyrgyz. Pr.=Persian; Ar.=Arabic; Rus =Russian; Kz.=Kazakh; Uz.=Uzbek; Mong =Mongol. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 36 0 bariyachi (Mong.)- midwife among the Daur Mongols. bata - (Ar. fatiha) the first surah of Qur’an; Among the Central Asians it refers to the blessing of elders and parents; the expression bataga baruu means to visit the family of a deceased and recite the Qur’an in his/her memory.
mythology. bedik - specific type of Kazakh traditional songs sung to cure the sick. besh barmak - lit.: “five fingers;” a traditional dish of noodles mixed with meat cut into small pieces and eaten by hand. beshik toy/jeentek toy - cradle/nephew/niece feast. In Central Asia traditionally a newborn baby’s maternal grandmother brings a new cradle with all the decorations and covers. The maternal grandparents of the baby offer a sheep in honor of the guests.
death.
bid’ah - (Ar.) idolatrous/religious innovations. bilerman - one who knows, wise man. Bilge Qagan - ruler of the Turk Empire which existed between 552-744 A.D in Inner Asia.
main surahs of the Qur’an. chong - big; big shot. chong apa - paternal aunt, older sister of one’s father. chong ata - paternal grandfather. dastans - traditional long poems. dastorkon - tablecloth covered with various foods, sweets, and fruit. dawat (Ar. daw’a), religious preaching in Islam. dawatchi - Muslim preacher, missionary. diykan charba - farmers’ cooperative dombra - two-stringed Kazakh traditional instrument. dubana - Muslim beggar. dzikr - (Pr.) Sufi religious practice in which dervishes whirl to remember and to be one with God; dzikr is also a practice were the name of God (prases from the Quran) are recited over a length of time). Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 361 elechek - head dress worn traditionally by Kyrgyz married and elderly women enchi - a traditional nomadic custom of giving share(s) in livestock to children by their parents and also to newly bom grandchildren by their maternal grandparents. epchi jak - the women’s side in the yurt to the right of the entrance. er engish- wrestling contest between men on horseback. er jak - the men’s side in the yurt to the left of the entrance. eshen - (Pr. ishan, term of respect), a Sufi leader. fatwa - (Ar.) Muslim religious decree. galstuk - (Rus.) red scarf worn by pioneers during the Soviet period. Hizb ut-Tahrir al Islamiyya - (Ar.) Party of Islamic Liberation. Ichkilik - one of the main three tribes in Kyrgyzstan. iftar - breaking of the fast during the holy month of Ramadan. imam - Muslim religious clergy. ishtan - traditional loose pants made from cotton or silk. It is traditionally worn by Uzbek women in summer time at home and on the street, whereas many Kyrgyz women in southern Kyrgyzstan wear it at home.
Central Asia towards the end of the 19th century. janaza - Muslim funerary prayer recited right before the deceased’s body is taken out for its final place. jardamchi- lit.: “helpers,” term used for cotton pickers in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period jaych'i - (Mong. yaychi) “rain maker” among Mongols and Turks. jayloo - summer pasture. jazgi'ch akindar/zamanach'i akindar - poets who wrote and composed religious poetry about the changing times during the Russian occupation of Central Asia. jeen - children of a man’s sisters. jele - a long rope secured into the ground at the two ends. It is used to tie the foals to prevent from suckling their mothers. jeti nan/chelpek - lit.: “seven breads;” traditional offering of fried pastries to the spirits of the deceased relatives and ancestors; jetilik - a memorial feast for the deceased offered seven days after the death. jildi’k - one-year memorial feast. jorgo bayge - trotter race. juma namaz - Friday prayer. Juma qutbasi - (Friday Sermon) 30 minuteTV program on Kyrgyz National TV about Islam and its teachings. kabar- (Ar. qabar,) news; sunk kabar, lit.: cold news, i.e., news about someone’s death. kabarchi - messenger. kalender- dervish-like saint. kal'ing - bride price given in livestock. kalpak- Kyrgyz traditional hat worn by men. It is made from white felt. kapi'r - (Ar. qufr) non-believer, infidel. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3 62 kapshit - the place where two tuurduks (felt coverings) of the yurt (there are four separate pieces of felt coverings) join. kara kiyiiu - wearing of black, mourning clothes. kayin aga - traditional term used for one’s husband’s older brother. kayin eje - traditional term used for one’s husband’s older sister. kayin ini - traditional term used for one’s husband’s younger brother. kayi'n jurt - relatives/kinsmen of the wife or the husband. kaymak - fresh cream. kazal - (Pr. ghazal) poetic genre used by literate Kyrgyz poets of the 18-19th centuries. kazan - cast iron cauldron. kaziyat - Muslim religious administration. k'irki- fortieth day memorial feast for the deceased. kelin - new bride, daughter in-law. kereez - final words spoken of a dying person. kerege - the collapsible side walls of the yurt. kXmkap - type of silk. kishtoo - winter camping ground of nomads. kiyanchi - (Mong.) sorcerer among the Daur Mongols. kiyit - gift of clothes exchanged during traditional feasts such as weddings and memorial feasts.
kiyiz - felts made from sheep wool. ki'z kuumay- traditional game played on horse back: a young man chases a young girl on horse back. Kidir/Kizir - (Ar. Al-Khidr “Green One”) servant of God and companion of the Prophet Musa/Moses; in Central Asia he is a holy wise man who bestows fortune and blessing to special people.
law Ali.
kojoyun - master, term used for husbands among Uzbeks. komersant - (Rus.) one who buys goods cheaper and sells them for a more expensive. Komsomol - (Rus.) Committee of Soviet Youth. komuz - Kyrgyz traditional instrument. kontor(a) - (Rus.) the main administrative building where the director of state farm or collective farm worked. koroo - coral for animals. koshokJjoktoo - song of lament sung by women about a deceased. koy kirkim - shearing sheep’s wool. kochmon - nomad. kimiz - fermented mare’s milk. kuda - a traditional term of address between two father-in-laws kudagiy - a traditional term of address between two mother-in-laws. kudachilik - first traditional meeting of the in-laws before the wedding. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 363 kuday - (Pr. khudo) God. kuday/tiildo - a feast at which a sheep or a goat is offered in thanking God for saving a family, member from dangerous situations such as surviving a deadly accident, illness, or returning home safely from far away place after a long time of absence.
end of the 19th century in Central Asia. manaschi - singer of the epic Manas. mant'i - (Chin, mantou) steamed dumplings. mashab - (Ar.) religious schools in Islam. mastava - (Pr./Uz.) soup made from fried meat, vegetables, and rice. mazar— a sacred cite for worship; shrine of Muslim/Sufi saint. mendiker - (Pr./Uz. mandikor) hired laborer. meyit - (Ar.) deceased. moldo - mullah. momun - (Ar.) a kind and soft spoken person, sometimes the word is used as derogatory term for someone who cannot protect himself by standing up against others, who is easily manipulated.
or manners of behavior. namis - pride, with a positive connotation. nan - bread. napravlenie (Rus.) medical referral navvaychi - (Uz. navvoi) baker who bakes traditional round flat bread in a clay tandoor. nike - (Ar. nikoh) Muslim marriage ceremony. ochok - a stone hearth on which food is cooked. ogorod - (Rus.) land in one’s courtyard in which fruits and vegetables are grown. Ogotur (correctly Okatar, lit.: “bullet or arrow shooter,” i.e., “hunter.”) one of the clans of the Kyrgyz Saruu tribe. OMS (Rus. Obshestvennaia Meditsinskaya Strakhovka) - Social Medical Insurance.
holy month of Ramadan. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
oomiyin - amen, said after a prayer/blessing or a meal by stroking one’s face with the palms of both hands. otko chakiruu - first welcoming of the new bride by her kayi'n aga, her husband’s older brothers and uncles into their home/hearth. otko kiriiti - the new bride’s first visit to the hearth of her kayin a gas, older brothers of her husband. otochi - (Mong.) curer among the Daur Mongols. okiiruu - men’s crying out loud, lamenting the deceased qam - (Mong.) shaman. pir - (Pr.) a Sufi saint/master. Pobeda - (Rus. Victory) former name of an Uzbek collective farm in the Namangan province of Uzbekistan.
cotton picking season. sinikchi - bone setter. som - Kyrgyz monetary unit. samsa - pastry filled with meet and onions and baked in a clay tandoor. soop - (Ar.) a kind deed. sorpo/shorpo - clear broth in which mutton is boiled. sorii - a wide square shaped wooden platform used for sitting in the courtyard of the dwellings during summer time in Uzbekistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. sovkhoz - (Rus.) state farm. soyush - a sheep which is allotted for a group of guests of less than twelve persons. spekuliant - (Rus.) a term used for an illegal trader during the Soviet period. siirsiigon et - air dried, sometimes smoked salty meet. suzmo - thick salted yogurt. tabit - (Pr.) a flat wooden frame to carry the deceased’s body to the grave. taga jurt - relatives from the maternal grandparent’s side. taziya/tajiya - (Ar.) condolence for the relatives of the deceased. talkan - sweetened powdered com. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. toy - one year old horse. tayata - maternal grandfather. tayeke/taga - maternal uncle. tayene - maternal grandmother. teksiz - rootless, one who does not know his/her tribal history. Tanri/Tengir - The Old Turkic term for Sky and God. Tengrichilik - a new term coined by Kazakh and Kyrgyz intellectuals to describe the ancient worldview of the Altaic peoples. ter goo - Kyrgyz and Kazakh tradition of not calling her in-laws and the siblings of her husband by their names. tilavat - recitation from the Quran after a meal. tiyin - coin. togolok jetim - complete orphan. tor - seat of honor, opposite the door. torktin - a wife’s kinsmen. A married woman uses the term when referring to her own parents, relatives, and kinsmen in general. toro aga - director; head; leader. torpok - one-year-old cow. tumar - talisman. tundiik -the round-shaped wooden hoop at the top of a yurt which allows smoke to get out.
tushoo kesiiii - a feast to mark a child’s first steps. Strings are tied to the child’s legs and ceremonially cut. tutiin - household/family. In nomadic society, one yurt or family was considered one tUtiin. tuugan-uruk - relatives and kinsmen. uguzuu - (from “uk-“ to hear, listen), lit.: “making understand,” i.e., letting the immediate family members of a deceased know in person about the death. ulak/kok borti - game played by group of horsemen who fight over a goat’s carcass filled with coarse wet salt. umma - (Ar.) the world community of Muslims who share the same religious belief, practices, conducts, and values affirmed in the Quran. univermag - (Rus.) universal magazin, i.e., department store. uruk - seed; clan within a tribe. uruu - tribe. uuk - the poles connecting the yurt’s kerege, collapsible side walls to the tiindiik, the disk on the top through which the light enters and smoke escapes. vremianka - (Rus.) a separate smaller house with two rooms built next to the main house Zamzam - (Ar.) the name of a well in Mecca. ziyarat - (Pr.) Muslim pilgrimage to the the tombs/shrines of Muslim/Sufi saints. ziyofat/gap - (Pr./Uz.) traditional gathering among Uzbek men and women who gather separately to share food, engage in conversations, and sing songs and dance. znachok - (Rus.) a pin with young Lenin’s picture worn by kindergarten children during the Soviet period. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
366 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abdulaziz, ibn Abdulkerim, “Dindi kanday tandoo kerek?” (How Should One Choose the Religion?” Islam Madaniyati (Islamic Culture), Newspaper, Bishkek, February 2, 2002. Abramzon, S. M. Kirgizy i ikh etnogeneticheskie i istoriko-kulturnye sviazi (The Kyrgyz and their Ethnogenetic and Historical and Cultural Relationships). Leningrad: Nauka, Leningr. otd-nie, 1971. Acar, Feride, and Ay she Giinesh-Ayata, ed. Gender and Identity Construction: Women o f Central Asia, the Caucasus and Turkey. Leiden: Brill, 2000. Adambaev, Baltabai. Kazakhskoe Narodnoe Oratorskoe Iskusstvo: Avtorizovannyi Perevod s Kazakhskogo Iazyka (Kazakh Art of Oratory: Translation from Kazakh) Almaty: "Ana tili," 1994. Adshead, Samuel Adrian M. Central Asia in World History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. Adzhiev, Murad. Evropa, Tiurki, Velikaia Step. Moskva: Mysl’, 1998. Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots o f a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
Uchkun, 2002. Akmataliev, Amantur. Baba salti, ene adebi (Fathers’ Traditions, Mothers’ Behavioral Teachings) Bishkek: All Union Youth Center for Books, 1993. Akhmedov, Ghali'm. Alash-Alash bolganda: esterlikter men tarihi darekter. (When the Alash-Alash Existed: Memoirs and Historical Sources), Almaty: Jal'fn, 1996. 'Ala-ad-Din 'Ata-Malik Juvaini. The History o f the World Conqueror. Translated from the text of Mirza Muhammad Qazvini by John Andrew Boyle. 2 vols, Oxford Road, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1958. Alan, Barnard. History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. |
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