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Some reasons for failure to adapt to a new culture
These may include some or all of the following:
assuming that the practices followed in one’s own country will be effective 
and acceptable in the new culture;
a failure to recognize that one’s presence in another culture may be 
perceived as a potential source of conflict;
evaluating local conditions and habits against one’s own values;
adopting a patronizing or superior attitude, possibly as a personal defence 
mechanism;
a failure to recognize the responsibility towards the development of local 
staff;
neglecting one’s own mental and physical well- being, as well as that of 
the rest of the family;
believing that ‘If I want something done properly, I had better do it myself’;
frustration on the part of the
non- working partner who is unable to 
pursue his or her career in the host country;
concern about aged relatives left behind in the home country.
The ideal expatriation should proceed as follows:
ADJUSTMENT
↓
ADAPTATION
↓
ACHIEVEMENT
Coping strategies
To begin with, it helps enormously to know the stresses are coming. If 
we expect something of a rough ride, we aren’t caught altogether off our 
guard. We may be still thrown by the experience, but being psychologi-
cally prepared diminishes the impact. (Storti, 1990: 9)
Coping strategies will, of course, vary between individuals. The following 
are some ways in which one can help the process of adaptation:
Prepare in advance before departure. Learn as much as possible about the 
destination culture.
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Selection and Preparation for Foreign Assignments 117
Be aware that you are likely to pass through the four stages of culture 
shock, that this is a normal process and is not a sign of weakness or 
illness.
Recognize and come to terms with your feelings when you feel lonely, 
unhappy and homesick, and discuss them with others.
Begin with short- term realistic expectations and give yourself time to 
adapt.
Establish as soon as possible a home base with some of your favourite 
possessions around you, for example, photographs, books, favourite toys 
for the children, etc.
Make efforts to make new friends (both locals and other expatriates).
Make efforts to learn and use the local language and explore the local 
culture.
Keep in touch with friends and relatives in the home country and send 
them news of your experiences, as well as emails and videos.
Develop new interests and hobbies. Keep yourself busy and look for 
positive opportunities, such as new challenges, the chance to broaden 
horizons and career progression.
Develop a local support system as soon as possible with friends and 
membership of sports and social clubs.
Write a diary or a blog for yourself, your friends and relatives.
Help others with the cross- cultural adjustment process once you have 
adjusted.
Above all, try to keep a sense of perspective, an open mind and a sense 
of humour.
The company or organization should also provide valuable support to 
reduce the effects of culture shock. This can include a welcome on arrival 
and providing a person to act as a link in order to help you and the family 
through the first few days and introduce you to local contacts.