Dzhankeldy Wind Power Project

5.8
Landscape and Visual Amenity 
5.8.1 
National Regulations 
Specific legislation in regard to landscape and visual assessment has not been published in 
Uzbekistan. In accordance with lender requirements, where standards do not exist, an 
international good practice standard should be used as a benchmark reference. Therefore, 
reference to the guidelines set out by t
he UK Landscape Institute ‘Guidelines for Landscape 
and Visual Impact Assessment 3rd Edition’ (2013) has been used for this assessment. As such, 
the ‘Landscape and Visual Assessment’ presented herein will distinguish between: 
 
Effects on landscape as a resource in its own right; and 
 
Effects on specific views and general visual amenity experienced by people. 
5.8.2 
Lender Requirements 
EPFI
S AND 
ADB 
 
IFC EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy (2015) 
Landscape & Visual Impacts 
The above EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy outline that 
‘preparing zones of visual influence 
maps and preparing wire-frame images and photomontages from key viewpoints is 
recommended to inform both the assessment and the consultation processes.’ 
‘Consideration should also be given to the proximity of turbines to settlements, residential 
areas, and other visual receptors to minimize visual impacts and impacts on residential 
amenity, where possible. All relevant viewing angles should be considered when considering 
turbine locations, including viewpoints from nearby settlements.’ 
5.9
Shadow Flicker 
The IFC EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy (2015) outlines requirements for the modelling of 
shadow flicker to determine the duration and timing of shadow flicker occurrence under real 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
143 
weather conditions at specific receptors located within the zone of potential shadow flicker 
impact. 
The guidelines require the model to predict flicker based on an astronomical worst-case 
scenario, which is defined as follows: 
 
There is continual sunshine and permanently cloudless skies from sunrise to sunset.
 
There is sufficient wind for continually rotating turbine blades.
 
Rotor is perpendicular to the incident direction of the sunlight.
 
Sun angles less than 3 degrees above the horizon level are disregarded (due to 
likelihood for vegetation and building screening).
 
Distances between the rotor plane and the tower axis are negligible.
 
Light refraction in the atmosphere is not considered.
The IFC criteria for acceptability of flicker is: 
Not more than a combined 30 hours of flicker per year, and no more than 30 minutes of flicker 
on the worst-case day of the year. 
According to Paragraph 39 of the Guideline, 
‘If it is not possible to locate the wind energy 
facility/turbines such that neighbouring receptors experience no shadow flicker effects, it is 
recommended that the predicted duration of shadow flicker effects experienced at a 
sensitive receptor not exceed 30 hours per year and 30 minutes per day on the worst affected 
day, based on a worst-
case scenario’.