Dzhankeldy Wind Power Project

C
LIENT
 
ACWA Power
5C
S 
P
ROJECT 
M
ANAGER
 
Eva Muthoni Oberholzer
5C
S 
P
ROJECT 
D
IRECTOR
 
Ken Wade
I
SSUE AND 
R
EVISION 
R
ECORD
V
ERSION
 
V
ERSION 
D
ATE
 
D
ESCRIPTION
 
A
UTHOR
 
R
EVIEWED
A
PPROVED
 
1.0 
17/12/2021 
ESIA-Volume 2 
EFO/NM/EMO MKB/KRW 
KRW 
1.1 
11/01/2022 
Updates based on 
ACWA Power’s 
comments 
EFO 
MKB 
AJJB 
1.2 
27/02/2022 
Updates based on ADB 
comments 
EFO/SB 
KRW 
AJJB 
1.3 
23/03/2022 
Updates based on ADB 
comments 
SB/ST 
EMK/KRW 
AJJB 
1 
Financial Capital 
Regardless of location, mode of delivery or 
function, all organisations are dependent on 
The 5 Capitals of Sustainable Development to 
enable long term delivery of its products or 
services. 
Sustainability is at the heart of everything that 
5 Capitals achieves. Wherever we work, we 
strive to provide our clients with the means to 
maintain and enhance these stocks of capital 
assets.
2 
Social Capital 
3 
Natural Capital 
4 
Manufactured Capital 
5 
Human Capital 
D
ISCLAIMER
5 Capitals cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of 
this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used 
for any other purpose. 
This document contains confidential information and proprietary 
intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without 
consent from the party which commissioned it. 
This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific 
purposes connected with the above-identified project only. It should not 
be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
i 
C
ONTENTS
1
 
I
NTRODUCTION
 ____________________________________________ 1
 
1.1
 
The Project ________________________________________________________ 2
 
1.2
 
Background & Scope of the ESIA Report ____________________________ 3
 
1.2.1
 
Environmental and Social Scoping Report ________________________________ 3
 
1.2.2
 
National EIA (OVOS) ____________________________________________________ 4
 
1.2.3
 
Lenders ESIA ____________________________________________________________ 5
 
1.3
 
Objectives of the ESIA______________________________________________ 5
 
1.4
 
Structure of the ESIA _______________________________________________ 6
 
1.5
 
Key Project Information ___________________________________________ 10
 
2
 
P
ROJECT 
I
NFORMATION
 ____________________________________ 11
 
2.1
 
Project Location __________________________________________________ 11
 
2.1.1
 
Wind Farm _____________________________________________________________ 11
 
2.1.2
 
Overhead Transmission Line _____________________________________________ 14
 
2.2
 
Land Use and Site Condition ______________________________________ 16
 
2.2.1
 
Wind Farm _____________________________________________________________ 16
 
2.2.2
 
Overhead Transmission Line _____________________________________________ 42
 
2.3
 
Project Description________________________________________________ 51
 
2.3.1
 
Wind Farm _____________________________________________________________ 51
 
2.3.2
 
Overhead Transmission Line _____________________________________________ 64
 
2.4
 
Project Construction Requirements ________________________________ 72
 
2.4.1
 
Primary Construction Works _____________________________________________ 72
 
2.4.2
 
Temporary Construction Facilities _______________________________________ 73
 
2.4.3
 
Utility Requirements ____________________________________________________ 74
 
2.4.4
 
Workforce _____________________________________________________________ 74
 
2.4.5
 
Worker Accommodation _______________________________________________ 76
 
2.4.6
 
Vehicles, Equipment and Heavy Machinery Requirements ________________ 77
 
2.5
 
Project Operations & Maintenance Requirements __________________ 78
 
2.6
 
Project Milestone _________________________________________________ 79
 
2.7
 
Decommissioning of the Project ___________________________________ 80
 
2.8
 
Project Alternatives _______________________________________________ 80
 
2.8.1
 
No Project Option ______________________________________________________ 81
 
2.8.2
 
Alternative Project Site _________________________________________________ 81
 
2.8.3
 
Project Technology ____________________________________________________ 83
 
2.8.4
 
Wind Farm Project Layout ______________________________________________ 83
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
ii 
2.8.5
 
33/500kV Substation Location ___________________________________________ 87
 
2.8.6
 
OHTL Routing __________________________________________________________ 89
 
3
 
R
EGULATORY 
F
RAMEWORK
 __________________________________ 99
 
3.1
 
National Regulations ______________________________________________ 99
 
3.1.1
 
Constitution of Uzbekistan ______________________________________________ 99
 
3.1.2
 
Uzbekistan Policy Framework for Wind Projects ___________________________ 99
 
3.1.3
 
President Decree № PD-4477 on the Strategy for the Transition of the Republic 
of Uzbekistan to a Green Economy in the period 2019-2030 ________________________ 99
 
3.1.4
 
Law on Nature Protection, 1992 as Amended in 2019 ____________________ 100
 
3.1.5
 
Law on Environmental Control, 2013 ____________________________________ 100
 
3.1.6
 
Environmental Audit Law No. ZRU-678, 2021 _____________________________ 100
 
3.1.7
 
Law on the Rational Use of Energy, 1997 ________________________________ 101
 
3.1.8
 
Presidential Decree No. 5863 on Environmental Protection Strategy (30th 
October 2019) _________________________________________________________________ 101
 
3.1.9
 
Environmental Regulator ______________________________________________ 105
 
3.2
 
International Conventions/Protocol _______________________________ 105
 
3.3
 
Lender Requirements ____________________________________________ 106
 
3.3.1
 
EBRD _________________________________________________________________ 107
 
3.3.2
 
ADB __________________________________________________________________ 108
 
3.3.3
 
Equator Principles _____________________________________________________ 108
 
3.4
 
Applicable Environmental Standards _____________________________ 111
 
3.4.1
 
Lenders Standards ____________________________________________________ 111
 
3.5
 
EIA/ESIA Requirements ___________________________________________ 112
 
3.5.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 112
 
3.5.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 113
 
4
 
A
PPROACH TO 
ESIA _____________________________________ 115
 
4.1
 
ESIA Team _______________________________________________________ 115
 
4.2
 
ESIA Methodology _______________________________________________ 116
 
4.2.1
 
Baseline Studies and Research _________________________________________ 116
 
4.2.2
 
Impact Assessment Significance Criteria ________________________________ 118
 
4.2.3
 
Mitigation and Management Measures ________________________________ 123
 
4.2.4
 
Residual Impacts ______________________________________________________ 123
 
4.2.5
 
E&S Disclosure ________________________________________________________ 124
 
5
 
S
TANDARDS AND 
R
EGULATORY 
R
EQUIREMENTS
 __________________ 125
 
5.1
 
Terrestrial Ecology _______________________________________________ 125
 
5.1.1
 
National Regulations __________________________________________________ 125
 
5.1.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 126
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
iii 
5.2
 
Air Quality _______________________________________________________ 129
 
5.2.1
 
National Standards ____________________________________________________ 129
 
5.2.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 130
 
5.3
 
Noise and Vibration ______________________________________________ 132
 
5.3.1
 
National Standards ____________________________________________________ 132
 
5.3.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 133
 
5.3.3
 
Vibration Good Practice Guideline _____________________________________ 135
 
5.4
 
Soils, Geology, Groundwater and Surface Water __________________ 135
 
5.4.1
 
National Standards ____________________________________________________ 135
 
5.4.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 135
 
5.5
 
Electric Magnetic Field ___________________________________________ 137
 
5.5.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 137
 
5.5.2
 
Lenders Requirements _________________________________________________ 138
 
5.6
 
Traffic and Transportation ________________________________________ 139
 
5.6.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 139
 
5.6.2
 
Lenders Requirements _________________________________________________ 140
 
5.7
 
Archaeology and Cultural Heritage _______________________________ 140
 
5.7.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 140
 
5.7.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 141
 
5.8
 
Landscape and Visual Amenity___________________________________ 142
 
5.8.1
 
National Regulations __________________________________________________ 142
 
5.8.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 142
 
5.9
 
Shadow Flicker __________________________________________________ 142
 
5.10
 
Socio-Economics ________________________________________________ 143
 
5.10.1
 
National Regulations __________________________________________________ 143
 
5.10.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 144
 
5.11
 
Stakeholder Engagement and Consultations ______________________ 145
 
5.11.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 145
 
5.11.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 146
 
5.12
 
Solid Waste & Wastewater Management _________________________ 148
 
5.12.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 148
 
5.12.2
 
Lenders Requirements _________________________________________________ 149
 
5.13
 
Resettlement Action Plan ________________________________________ 151
 
5.13.1
 
National Regulations __________________________________________________ 151
 
5.13.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 151
 
5.14
 
Community Health, Safety and Security ___________________________ 153
 
5.14.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 153
 
5.14.2
 
Lenders Requirements _________________________________________________ 154
 
5.15
 
Labour and Working Conditions __________________________________ 157
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
iv 
5.15.1
 
National Requirements ________________________________________________ 157
 
5.15.2
 
Lenders Requirements _________________________________________________ 158
 
5.16
 
Human Rights ___________________________________________________ 162
 
5.16.1
 
National Context and Regulations _____________________________________ 162
 
5.16.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 163
 
5.17
 
Climate Affairs ___________________________________________________ 164
 
5.17.1
 
National Context and Regulations _____________________________________ 164
 
5.17.2
 
Lender Requirements __________________________________________________ 164
 
6
 
R
EGIONAL 
B
ASELINE 
C
ONDITIONS
____________________________ 166
 
6.1
 
Terrestrial Ecology _______________________________________________ 166
 
6.1.1
 
General Overview of Biodiversity in Uzbekistan __________________________ 166
 
6.2
 
Air Quality _______________________________________________________ 167
 
6.3
 
Soils, Geology, Groundwater and Surface Water __________________ 167
 
6.3.1
 
Geological Setting & Geomorphological Structure ______________________ 167
 
6.3.2
 
Seismicity of the Region _______________________________________________ 168
 
6.3.3
 
Hydrology and Hydrographic Network _________________________________ 171
 
6.3.4
 
Groundwater _________________________________________________________ 172
 
6.4
 
Socio-Economics ________________________________________________ 172
 
6.4.1
 
Republic of Uzbekistan ________________________________________________ 172
 
6.4.2
 
Bukhara Region _______________________________________________________ 176
 
6.5
 
Waste and Wastewater Management ____________________________ 182
 
6.5.1
 
Solid Waste ___________________________________________________________ 182
 
6.5.2
 
Wastewater __________________________________________________________ 183
 
6.6
 
Climate Affairs ___________________________________________________ 184
 
6.6.1
 
Overview _____________________________________________________________ 184
 
6.6.2
 
National Context _____________________________________________________ 184
 
6.6.3
 
Climate Projections ___________________________________________________ 186
 
6.6.4
 
Greenhouse Gases Trends by Sector ___________________________________ 186
 
6.6.5
 
Key Vulnerabilities _____________________________________________________ 187
 
P
ART 
A
 
–
 
W
IND 
F
ARM
 __________________________________________ 189
 
7
 
T
ERRESTRIAL 
E
COLOGY
 ____________________________________ 189
 
7.1
 
Observation and Baseline Conditions _____________________________ 189
 
7.1.1
 
Ecosystems, Habitats and Plant Communities ___________________________ 189
 
7.1.2
 
Birds __________________________________________________________________ 192
 
7.1.3
 
Bats __________________________________________________________________ 205
 
7.1.4
 
Mammals (Non-volant) ________________________________________________ 210
 
7.1.5
 
Herptiles ______________________________________________________________ 214
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
v 
7.1.6
 
Invertebrates _________________________________________________________ 219
 
7.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 219
 
7.2.1
 
Area of Influence _____________________________________________________ 219
 
7.2.2
 
Sensitive Receptors ___________________________________________________ 220
 
7.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impacts ____ 228
 
7.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 228
 
7.3.2
 
Operation Phase ______________________________________________________ 256
 
7.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 281
 
7.4
 
Implementing Mitigation: Planning, Management and Monitoring __ 282
 
7.4.1
 
Design _______________________________________________________________ 282
 
7.4.2
 
Pre-Construction ______________________________________________________ 282
 
7.4.3
 
Construction __________________________________________________________ 283
 
7.4.4
 
Post Construction _____________________________________________________ 283
 
7.4.5
 
Operation ____________________________________________________________ 283
 
8
 
A
IR 
Q
UALITY
 ____________________________________________ 285
 
8.1
 
Observation and Baseline Conditions _____________________________ 285
 
8.1.1
 
Local Meteorological Conditions _______________________________________ 285
 
8.1.2
 
Influences on Air Quality _______________________________________________ 288
 
8.1.3
 
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring _________________________________________ 289
 
8.1.4
 
Dust Monitoring _______________________________________________________ 293
 
8.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 294
 
8.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impact ____ 296
 
8.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 296
 
8.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 305
 
8.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 307
 
8.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 307
 
9
 
N
OISE AND 
V
IBRATION
 ____________________________________ 309
 
9.1
 
Observation and Baseline Conditions _____________________________ 309
 
9.1.1
 
Noise _________________________________________________________________ 309
 
9.1.2
 
Vibration _____________________________________________________________ 318
 
9.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 318
 
9.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impacts ____ 320
 
9.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 320
 
9.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 333
 
9.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 346
 
9.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 347
 
10
 
S
OILS
,
 
G
EOLOGY
,
 
G
ROUNDWATER 
&
 
S
URFACE 
W
ATER
___________ 348
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
vi 
10.1
 
Observation and Baseline Conditions _____________________________ 348
 
10.1.1
 
Project Site Conditions_________________________________________________ 351
 
10.1.2
 
Soil Quality Analysis ___________________________________________________ 372
 
10.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 378
 
10.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impacts ____ 378
 
10.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 378
 
10.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 385
 
10.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 387
 
10.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 388
 
11
 
T
RAFFIC AND 
T
RANSPORTATION
 ______________________________ 389
 
11.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 389
 
11.1.1
 
Project Logistics _______________________________________________________ 389
 
11.1.2
 
Project Site Observations ______________________________________________ 394
 
11.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 396
 
11.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impact ____ 397
 
1.1.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 397
 
11.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 403
 
11.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 403
 
11.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 404
 
12
 
A
RCHAEOLOGY AND 
C
ULTURAL 
H
ERITAGE
 _____________________ 405
 
12.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 405
 
12.1.1
 
Project Site Archaeological Survey _____________________________________ 410
 
12.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 421
 
12.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 421
 
12.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 421
 
12.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 426
 
12.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 428
 
12.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 428
 
13
 
L
ANDSCAPE AND 
V
ISUAL 
A
MENITY
 ___________________________ 429
 
13.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 429
 
13.1.1
 
Methodology _________________________________________________________ 429
 
13.1.2
 
Landscape Character Survey __________________________________________ 432
 
13.1.3
 
Visual Quality Survey __________________________________________________ 439
 
13.1.4
 
Lighting Survey ________________________________________________________ 450
 
13.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 454
 
13.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 455
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
vii 
13.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 455
 
13.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 459
 
14
 
S
HADOW 
F
LICKER
 ________________________________________ 461
 
14.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 461
 
14.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 461
 
14.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation and Management Measures and 
Residual Impacts _____________________________________________________ 462
 
14.4
 
Monitoring Requirements _________________________________________ 468
 
15
 
S
OCIO
-E
CONOMICS
_____________________________________ 469
 
15.1
 
Observation and Baseline Condition ______________________________ 469
 
15.1.1
 
Background & Methodology___________________________________________ 469
 
15.1.2
 
Demographic Characteristics __________________________________________ 471
 
15.1.3
 
Social Economic Characteristics _______________________________________ 473
 
15.1.4
 
Access to Social Services ______________________________________________ 481
 
15.1.5
 
Use of the Project Site _________________________________________________ 484
 
15.1.6
 
Knowledge About the Project _________________________________________ 490
 
15.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 492
 
15.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 492
 
15.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 492
 
15.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 499
 
15.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 501
 
16
 
S
TAKEHOLDER 
E
NGAGEMENT AND 
C
ONSULTATION
 _______________ 502
 
16.1
 
Public Consultation Timeline ______________________________________ 502
 
16.2
 
Objectives of the Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation ______ 503
 
16.3
 
Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation Process During ESIA 
Preparation __________________________________________________________ 503
 
16.4
 
Summary of Public Consultations and Minutes of Meetings _________ 513
 
16.4.1
 
Consultation Meeting at Peshku District Municipality _____________________ 515
 
16.4.2
 
Consultation Meeting at Dzhankeldy Village ____________________________ 517
 
16.4.3
 
Consultation Meeting at Kalaata Village _______________________________ 520
 
16.4.4
 
Consultation Meeting With Local People at Peshku Khokimiyat (Peshku 
Municipality) ___________________________________________________________________ 521
 
16.5
 
Grievance Mechanism __________________________________________ 523
 
16.6
 
Grievances Received ____________________________________________ 524
 
16.7
 
Media Coverage of the Project __________________________________ 524
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
viii 
P
ART 
B
 
–
 
O
VERHEAD 
T
RANSMISSION 
L
INE
 ____________________________ 526
 
17
 
T
ERRESTRIAL 
E
COLOGY
 ____________________________________ 526
 
17.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 526
 
17.1.1
 
Ecosystems, Habitats and Plant Communities ___________________________ 526
 
17.1.2
 
Terrestrial Mammals ___________________________________________________ 528
 
17.1.3
 
Bat Roosts ____________________________________________________________ 530
 
17.1.4
 
Reptiles ______________________________________________________________ 531
 
17.1.5
 
Invertebrates _________________________________________________________ 534
 
17.1.6
 
Birds __________________________________________________________________ 535
 
17.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 540
 
17.2.1
 
Area of Influence _____________________________________________________ 540
 
17.2.2
 
Sensitive Receptors ___________________________________________________ 541
 
17.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 548
 
17.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 548
 
17.3.2
 
Operation Phase ______________________________________________________ 569
 
17.3.3
 
Decommissioning _____________________________________________________ 574
 
17.4
 
Implementing Mitigation: Planning, Management and Monitoring __ 574
 
17.4.1
 
Design _______________________________________________________________ 574
 
17.4.2
 
Pre-construction ______________________________________________________ 574
 
17.4.3
 
Construction __________________________________________________________ 575
 
17.4.4
 
Post-Construction _____________________________________________________ 575
 
17.4.5
 
Operation ____________________________________________________________ 576
 
18
 
A
IR 
Q
UALITY
 ____________________________________________ 577
 
18.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 577
 
18.1.1
 
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring _________________________________________ 577
 
18.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 577
 
18.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 579
 
18.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 579
 
18.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 583
 
18.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 585
 
18.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 585
 
19
 
N
OISE AND 
V
IBRATION
 ____________________________________ 586
 
19.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 586
 
19.1.1
 
Noise _________________________________________________________________ 586
 
19.1.2
 
Vibration _____________________________________________________________ 586
 
19.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 586
 

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Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm 
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures 
ix 
19.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 588
 
19.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 588
 
19.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 597
 
19.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 598
 
20
 
S
OILS
,
 
G
EOLOGY AND 
G
ROUNDWATER
 _______________________ 599
 
20.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 599
 
20.1.1
 
OHTL Alignment Conditions ____________________________________________ 599
 
20.1.2
 
Soil Quality Analysis ___________________________________________________ 599
 
20.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 602
 
20.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 602
 
20.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 602
 
20.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 607
 
20.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 608
 
20.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 609
 
21
 
E
LECTRIC 
M
AGNETIC 
F
IELD
 _________________________________ 610
 
21.1
 
Introduction _____________________________________________________ 610
 
21.1.1
 
Effects on Human Health ______________________________________________ 610
 
21.2
 
Baseline Conditions ______________________________________________ 610
 
21.3
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 611
 
21.4
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 611
 
21.4.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 611
 
21.4.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 611
 
21.4.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 614
 
22
 
T
RAFFIC AND 
T
RANSPORTATION
 ______________________________ 615
 
22.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 615
 
22.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 615
 
22.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 616
 
22.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 616
 
22.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 621
 
22.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 621
 
22.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 621
 
23
 
I
NFRASTRUCTURE AND 
U
TILITIES
______________________________ 623
 
23.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 623
 
23.2
 
Potential Impact _________________________________________________ 625
 
23.3
 
Mitigation and Management Measures ___________________________ 625
 

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23.3.1
 
Transmission Line Crossings _____________________________________________ 626
 
23.3.2
 
Railway Crossing ______________________________________________________ 626
 
23.3.3
 
Highway Crossing _____________________________________________________ 626
 
23.3.4
 
Small Road Crossing ___________________________________________________ 626
 
24
 
A
RCHAEOLOGY AND 
C
ULTURAL 
H
ERITAGE
 _____________________ 627
 
24.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 627
 
24.1.1
 
Archaeological Survey Along OHTL Route ______________________________ 628
 
24.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 628
 
24.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 628
 
24.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 628
 
24.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 629
 
24.3.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 629
 
24.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 631
 
25
 
L
ANDSCAPE AND 
V
ISUAL 
A
MENITY
 ___________________________ 632
 
25.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 632
 
25.1.1
 
Landscape Baseline ___________________________________________________ 632
 
25.1.2
 
Visual Quality _________________________________________________________ 640
 
25.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 646
 
25.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 647
 
25.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 647
 
25.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 651
 
26
 
S
OCIO
-E
CONOMICS
_____________________________________ 653
 
26.1
 
Observation and Baseline Condition ______________________________ 653
 
26.1.2
 
Socio Economic Survey ________________________________________________ 655
 
26.2
 
Receptors _______________________________________________________ 655
 
26.3
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 655
 
26.3.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 655
 
26.3.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 656
 
26.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 656
 
27
 
S
TAKEHOLDER 
E
NGAGEMENT AND 
C
ONSULTATION
 _______________ 657
 
27.1
 
Public Consultation Timeline ______________________________________ 657
 
27.2
 
Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation Process During ESIA 
Preparation __________________________________________________________ 658
 
27.3
 
Summary of Public Consultations and Minutes of Meetings _________ 667
 
27.3.1
 
Consultation Meeting at Konimekh District Municipality __________________ 669
 

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27.3.2
 
Consultation Meeting at Gijduvon District Municipality ___________________ 670
 
P
ART 
C
-
 
A
PPLICABLE TO 
B
OTH 
W
IND 
F
ARM 
&
 
OHTL __________________ 672
 
28
 
S
OLID 
W
ASTE 
&
 
W
ASTEWATER 
M
ANAGEMENT
__________________ 672
 
28.1
 
Observation and Baseline Environment ___________________________ 672
 
28.1.1
 
Waste Management at the Project Area _______________________________ 672
 
28.2
 
Potential Impacts ________________________________________________ 674
 
28.2.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 674
 
28.2.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 677
 
28.2.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 679
 
28.3
 
Mitigation and Management Measures ___________________________ 679
 
28.3.1
 
Waste Characterization _______________________________________________ 679
 
28.3.2
 
Waste Management Hierarchy ________________________________________ 680
 
28.3.3
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 681
 
28.3.4
 
Operation Phase ______________________________________________________ 683
 
28.3.5
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 684
 
28.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 685
 
29
 
R
ESETTLEMENT 
A
CTION 
P
LAN
_______________________________ 686
 
29.1
 
Wind Farm ______________________________________________________ 686
 
29.1.1
 
Background and Context _____________________________________________ 686
 
29.1.2
 
Land Users on the Project Site __________________________________________ 688
 
29.2
 
Overhead Transmission Line ______________________________________ 693
 
29.2.1
 
Background & Context ________________________________________________ 693
 
29.3
 
Grievances Received ____________________________________________ 694
 
30
 
C
OMMUNITY
,
 
H
EALTH
,
 
S
AFETY 
&
 
S
ECURITY
 _____________________ 695
 
30.1
 
Observation and Baseline Condition ______________________________ 695
 
30.1.1
 
Wind Farm ____________________________________________________________ 695
 
30.1.2
 
OHTL _________________________________________________________________ 695
 
30.1.3
 
Health Protection Zone ________________________________________________ 696
 
30.1.4
 
Existing Public Facilities/Infrastructure ___________________________________ 697
 
30.2
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management and Residual Impacts _ 698
 
30.2.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 698
 
30.2.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 701
 
30.2.3
 
Decommissioning Phase _______________________________________________ 704
 
30.3
 
Mitigation and Management Measures ___________________________ 704
 
30.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 710
 

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31
 
L
ABOUR 
&
 
W
ORKING 
C
ONDITIONS
__________________________ 712
 
31.1
 
Observations and Baseline Conditions ____________________________ 712
 
31.2
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impact ____ 713
 
31.2.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 713
 
31.2.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 715
 
31.3
 
Mitigation and Management Measures ___________________________ 716
 
31.4
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 724
 
32
 
I
NFLUX 
I
MPACT 
A
SSESSMENT
 ________________________________ 726
 
32.1
 
Potential Impacts, Mitigation, Management & Residual Impact ____ 726
 
32.1.1
 
Increased Pressure on Public Infrastructure & Services ___________________ 726
 
32.1.2
 
Local Economy _______________________________________________________ 726
 
32.1.3
 
Impact to Local Customs ______________________________________________ 727
 
32.2
 
Mitigation and Management Measures ___________________________ 728
 
32.3
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 729
 
33
 
H
UMAN 
R
IGHTS 
I
MPACT 
A
SSESSMENT
 _________________________ 731
 
33.1
 
Overview _______________________________________________________ 731
 
33.2
 
Potential Impacts upon Human Rights ____________________________ 731
 
33.2.1
 
Construction __________________________________________________________ 731
 
33.2.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 734
 
33.3
 
Monitoring ______________________________________________________ 734
 
34
 
C
LIMATE 
A
FFAIRS
 ________________________________________ 735
 
34.1
 
Potential Project Impacts upon Climate Change __________________ 735
 
34.1.1
 
Construction Phase ___________________________________________________ 735
 
34.1.2
 
Operational Phase ____________________________________________________ 737
 
34.2
 
Vulnerability of the Project to Climate Change ____________________ 737
 
34.2.1
 
Climate Physical Risks _________________________________________________ 737
 
34.2.2
 
Climate Transition Risks ________________________________________________ 738
 
35
 
C
UMULATIVE 
I
MPACTS
____________________________________ 740
 
35.1
 
Identification of Valued Environmental and Social Components (VECs)
 
740
 
35.2
 
Identification of Other Activities and Environmental Drivers _________ 741
 
35.3
 
Assessment of Cumulative Impacts on VECs _______________________ 744
 
36
 
R
EFERENCES
 ____________________________________________ 754
 

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L
IST OF 
A
BBREVIATIONS