Economic Growth Second Edition
The Fundamental Equation of the Solow–Swan Model
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
1.2.2
The Fundamental Equation of the Solow–Swan Model We now analyze the dynamic behavior of the economy described by the neoclassical pro- duction function. The resulting growth model is called the Solow–Swan model, after the important contributions of Solow (1956) and Swan (1956). The change in the capital stock over time is given by equation (1.2). If we divide both sides of this equation by L, we get ˙K /L = s · f (k) − δk The right-hand side contains per capita variables only, but the left-hand side does not. Hence, it is not an ordinary differential equation that can be easily solved. In order to transform it into a differential equation in terms of k, we can take the derivative of k ≡ K/L with respect to time to get ˙k ≡ d (K/L) dt = ˙K /L − nk where n = ˙L/L. If we substitute this result into the expression for ˙K /L, we can rearrange terms to get ˙k = s · f (k) − (n + δ) · k (1.13) Equation (1.13) is the fundamental differential equation of the Solow–Swan model. This nonlinear equation depends only on k. The term n +δ on the right-hand side of equation (1.13) can be thought of as the effective depreciation rate for the capital-labor ratio, k ≡ K/L. If the saving rate, s, were 0, capital per person would decline partly due to depreciation of capital at the rate δ and partly due to the increase in the number of persons at the rate n. Growth Models with Exogenous Saving Rates 31 Figure 1.1 shows the workings of equation (1.13). The upper curve is the production func- tion, f (k). The term (n + δ) · k, which appears in equation (1.13), is drawn in figure 1.1 as a straight line from the origin with the positive slope n + δ. The term s · f (k) in equation (1.13) looks like the production function except for the multiplication by the positive fraction s. Note from the figure that the s · f (k) curve starts from the origin [because f (0) = 0], has a positive slope [because f (k) > 0], and gets flatter as k rises [because f (k) < 0]. The Inada conditions imply that the s · f (k) curve is vertical at k = 0 and becomes flat as k goes to infinity. These properties imply that, other than the origin, the curve s · f (k) and the line (n + δ) · k cross once and only once. Consider an economy with the initial capital stock per person k (0) > 0. Figure 1.1 shows that gross investment per person equals the height of the s · f (k) curve at this point. Con- sumption per person equals the vertical difference at this point between the f (k) and s · f (k) curves. Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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