Economic Growth Second Edition
Behavior of Input Prices During the Transition
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
1.2.7
Behavior of Input Prices During the Transition We showed before that the Solow–Swan framework is consistent with a competitive market economy in which firms maximize profits and households choose to save a constant fraction of gross income. It is interesting to study the behavior of wages and interest rates along the transition as the capital stock increases toward the steady state. We showed that the interest rate equals the marginal product of capital minus the constant depreciation rate, r = f (k) − δ. Since the interest rate depends on the marginal product of capital, which depends on the capital stock per person, the interest rate moves during the transition as capital changes. The neoclassical production function exhibits diminishing returns to capital, f (k) < 0, so the marginal product of capital declines as capital grows. It follows that the interest rate declines monotonically toward its steady-state value, given by r ∗ = f (k ∗ )−δ. We also showed that the competitive wage rate was given by w = f (k)−k · f (k). Again, the wage rate moves as capital increases. To see the behavior of the wage rate, we can take the derivative of w with respect to k to get ∂w ∂k = f (k) − f (k) − k · f (k) = −k · f (k) > 0 The wage rate, therefore, increases monotonically as the capital stock grows. In the steady state, the wage rate is given by w ∗ = f (k ∗ ) − k ∗ · f (k ∗ ). The behavior of wages and interest rates can be seen graphically in figure 1.5. The curve shown in the figure is again the production function, f (k). The income per worker received by individual households is given by y = w + Rk (1.26) where R = r + δ is the rental price of capital. Once the interest rate and the wage rate are determined, y is a linear function of k, with intercept w and slope R. Growth Models with Exogenous Saving Rates 41 Slope R 1 Slope R 0 y R 0 k 0 w 0 y R 1 k 1 w 1 w 1 w w 0 k 0 k 1 k Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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