Economic Growth Second Edition
Alternative Environments
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
2.4
Alternative Environments The analysis applies thus far to a decentralized economy with competitive households and firms. We can see from the setup of the model, however, that the same equations—and, hence, the same results—would emerge under some alternative environments. First, households could perform the functions of firms by employing adult family members as workers in accordance with the production process, f (ˆk). 12 The resource constraint in equation (2.24) follows directly (total output must be allocated to consumption or gross investment, which equals net investment plus depreciation). If the households maximize the utility function in equations (2.1) and (2.10), subject to equation (2.24), then equations (2.25) and (2.26) still represent the first-order conditions. Thus, the separation of functions between households and firms is not central to the analysis. We could also pretend that the economy was run by a benevolent social planner, who dictates the choices of consumption over time and who seeks to maximize the utility of the representative family. The device of the benevolent social planner will be useful in many circumstances for finding the economy’s first-best outcomes. The planner is assumed to have the same form of preferences as those assumed before—in particular, the same rate of time preference, ρ, and the same utility function, u(c). The planner is also con- strained by the aggregate resource constraint in equation (2.24). The solution for the plan- ner will therefore be the same as that for the decentralized economy. 13 Since a benevolent 12. This setup was considered in chapter 1. 13. The planner’s problem is to choose the path of c to maximize U in equation (2.1), subject to the economy’s budget constraint in equation (2.24), the initial value ˆk (0), and the inequalities c ≥ 0 and ˆk ≥ 0. The Hamiltonian for this problem is J = u(c)e −ρt + ν · [ f (ˆk) − ce −xt − (x + n + δ) · ˆk] The usual first-order conditions lead to equation (2.25), and the transversality condition leads to equation (2.26). Growth Models with Consumer Optimization 99 social planner with dictatorial powers will attain a Pareto optimum, the results for the decentralized economy—which coincide with those of the planner—must also be Pareto optimal. Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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