Economic Growth Second Edition
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
(t) and w(t) as
constants over this interval. These assumptions will be satisfactory in the equilibrium when approaches zero. The important result from equation (2.56) is that d[k (τ + )]/d[c(τ)] ≈ − (2.57) Hence, more consumption today means less assets at the next moment in time. The difficult calculation involves the link between k (τ + ) and c(t) for t ≥ τ + , that is, the propensities to consume out of assets. In the standard model with log utility, we know from equations (2.15) and (2.16) that—because of the cancellation of income and substitution effects related to the path of interest rates—consumption is a constant fraction of wealth: c (t) = ρ · [k(t) + ˜w(t)] where ˜ w(t) is the present value of wages. Given this background, it is reasonable to conjec- ture that the income and substitution effects associated with interest rates would still cancel under log utility, even though the rate of time preference is variable and commitment is absent. However, the constant of proportionality, denoted by λ, need not equal ρ. Thus, the conjecture—which turns out to be correct—is that consumption is given by c (t) = λ · [k(t) + ˜w(t)] (2.58) for t ≥ τ + for some constant λ > 0. 34 34. Phelps and Pollak (1968, section 4) use an analogous conjecture to work out a Cournot–Nash equilibrium for their problem. They assume isoelastic utility and a linear technology, so that the rate of return is constant. The last property is critical, because consumption is not a constant fraction of wealth (except when θ = 1) if the rate of return varies over time. The linear technology also eliminates any transitional dynamics, so that the economy is always in a position of steady-state growth. 126 Chapter 2 Under the assumed conjecture, it can be verified that c (t) grows at the rate r(t) − λ for t ≥ τ + . Hence, for any t ≥ τ + , consumption is determined from log[c (t)] = log[c(τ + )] + t τ+ r (v) dv − λ · (t − τ − ) The expression for utility from equation (2.54) can therefore be written as U (τ) ≈ · log[c(τ)] + log[c(τ + )] · ∞ τ+ e −[ρ·(t−τ)+φ(t−τ)] dt + terms that are independent of c(t) path (2.59) Define the integral () ≡ ∞ e −[ρv+φ(v)] d v (2.60) The marginal effect of c (τ) on U(τ) can then be calculated as d[U (τ)] d[c (τ)] ≈ c (τ) + () c (τ + ) · d[c (τ + )] d[k (τ + )] · d[k (τ + )] dc (τ) The final derivative equals −, from equation (2.57), and the next-to-last derivative equals λ, according to the conjectured solution in equation (2.58). Therefore, setting d[U (τ)]/d[c(τ)] to zero implies Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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