Economics The study of how people, institutions, and society make economic choices under conditions of scarcity

Economics
The study of how people, institutions, and society make economic choices under conditions of scarcity.(Odamlar, jamoalar va jamiyat- tanqislik sharoitida qanday iqtisodiy tanlov qilishini o'rganish.)
economic perspective
A viewpoint that envisions individuals and institutions making rational decisions by comparing the marginal benefits and marginal costs of their actions.( Shaxslar va muassasalarning o'z harakatlarining marjinal foydalari va marjinal xarajatlarini taqqoslash orqali oqilona qarorlar qabul qilishini nazarda tutuvchi nuqtai nazar.)
opportunity cost
The value of the good, service, or time forgone to obtain something else.(Tovar, xizmat yoki boshqa biror narsani olish uchun sarflangan vaqt qiymati.)
Utility
The satisfaction obtained from consuming a good or service.( Tovar yoki xizmatni iste'mol qilishdan olingan qoniqish.)
marginal analysis
The comparison of marginal (“extra” or “additional”) benefits and marginal costs, usually for decision making.( Odatda qaror qabul qilish uchun marjinal ("qo'shimcha" yoki "qo'shimcha") foyda va marjinal xarajatlarni taqqoslash.)
scientific method
The systematic pursuit of knowledge by observing facts and formulating and testing hypotheses to obtain theories, principles, and laws.( Faktlarni kuzatish va nazariyalar, tamoyillar va qonunlarni olish uchun gipotezalarni shakllantirish va sinab ko'rish orqali tizimli bilimga intilish.)
Principles
Statements about economic behavior that enable prediction of the probable effects of certain actions. (Muayyan harakatlarning ehtimoliy oqibatlarini bashorat qilishga imkon beruvchi iqtisodiy xatti-harakatlar to'g'risidagi bayonotlar.)
other-things-equal assumption
The assumption that factors other than those being considered do not change.( Ko'rib chiqilayotgan omillardan boshqa omillar o'zgarmaydi degan taxmin.)