factors of production
Economic resources: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability.
(Iqtisodiy resurslar: yer, mehnat, kapital va tadbirkorlik qobiliyati)
consumer goods
Products and services that directly satisfy consumer wants.( Iste'molchining ehtiyojlarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qondiradigan mahsulot va xizmatlar)
capital goods
Items that are used to produce other goods and therefore do not directly satisfy consumer wants.( Boshqa tovarlarni ishlab chiqarish uchun foydalaniladigan va shuning uchun iste'molchining ehtiyojlarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qondirmaydigan narsalar)
production possibilities curve
A curve showing the different combinations of goods and services that can be produced in a fully employed economy, assuming the available supplies of resources and technology are fixed.( Resurslar va texnologiyalarning mavjud zaxiralari qat'iy belgilangan bo'lsa, to'liq band bo'lgan iqtisodiyotda ishlab chiqarilishi mumkin bo'lgan tovarlar va xizmatlarning turli kombinatsiyalarini ko'rsatadigan egri chiziq.)
law of increasing opportunity costs
The principle that as the production of a good increases, the opportunity cost of producing an additional unit rises.( Tovar ishlab chiqarish ko'paygan sari qo'shimcha birlik ishlab chiqarish uchun imkoniyat xarajatlari oshadi degan tamoyil.)
FIGURE 1.3 Optimal output:
MB = MC.
Achieving the optimal output requires the expansion of a good’s output until its marginal benefit (MB) and marginal cost (MC) are equal. No resources beyond that point should be allocated to the product. Here, optimal output occurs when 200,000 units of food products are produced.( Optimal ishlab chiqarishga erishish uchun tovarning chegaraviy foydasi (MB) va marjinal xarajati (MC) teng bo'lguncha mahsulot ishlab chiqarish hajmini kengaytirish kerak. Ushbu nuqtadan tashqari hech qanday resurslar mahsulotga ajratilmasligi kerak. Bu yerda 200 000 dona oziq-ovqat mahsuloti ishlab chiqarilganda optimal ishlab chiqarish yuzaga keladi.)
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