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Ways in which polio is transmitted
• It is transmitted from the sick person via airborne
particles that are emitted when coughing, sneezing or
speaking.
• It may also be spread by contamination of food or drink
with particles from the stools of a sick person by flies and
other insects.
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Incubation period
The incubation period of polio lasts from 3 to 21 days, and may
last longer than that.
Symptoms of polio
• Symptoms include high fever, headache, stiffness in the
back and neck, asymmetrical weakness of various
muscles, sensitivity to touch, difficulty swallowing,
muscle pain, loss of superficial and deep reflexes,
paresthesia (pins and needles), irritability, constipation,
or difficulty urinating.
• There may be paralysis of the muscles of the respiratory
system, leading to death if artificial means of respiration
(such as an “iron lung”) are not used.
Prevention and treatment
1. Mandatory vaccination at the ages of two months, four months
and six months, followed by booster shots.
2. Isolation of the patient so that the disease will not be spread to
others.
3. Physiotherapy in the hospital to help rehabilitate the muscle
fibres affected by the disease.
Whooping cough (pertussis) 
Whooping cough is a contagious bacterial disease caused by the
bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The disease is transmitted by
touching the mouth of the patient or by means of airborne
particles emitted when sneezing or coughing, or by touching
items belonging to the patient. The patient suffers from a severe,
ongoing and troublesome cough; bouts of coughing end with the
characteristic “whooping” sound when he or she breathes in.