Edition 2020 Ninth edition
participant's ability to generate economic benefits by
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a6048c931cdc93 TEGOVA EVS 2020 digital
takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by
using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market partici- pant that would use the asset in its highest and best use". 4.2. In relation to the interpretation of highest and best use IFRS 13 also provides the following: 114 I.B. - EVGN 2: Fair Value for Financial Reporting European Valuation Standards 2020 4.3. Paragraph 28: "The highest and best use of a non-financial asset takes into account the use of the asset that is physically possible, legally permissible and financially feasible, as follows: (a) A use that is physically possible takes into account the physical characteristics of the asset that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset (eg the location or size of a property); (b) A use that is legally permissible takes into account any legal restrictions on the use of the asset that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset (e.g. the zoning regulations applicable to a property); (c) A use that is financially feasible takes into account whether a use of the asset that is physically possible and legally permissible generates adequate income or cash flows (taking into account the costs of converting the asset to that use) to produce an investment return that market participants would require from an investment in that asset put to that use." Paragraph 29: "Highest and best use is determined from the perspective of market participants, even if the entity intends a different use. However, an entity's current use of a non-financial asset is presumed to be its highest and best use unless market or other factors suggest that a different use by market participants would maximise the value of the asset." 4.4. IFRS 13 requires the reporting entity (who will generally be the valuer's client) to confirm that the property has been valued on the basis of its highest and best use. For the reporting entity to be able to make this statement, it will be necessary for valuers to have stated in their reports that they have valued the property on the basis of its highest and best use. In most cases this is unlikely to pose any diffi- culties for the valuer, as many properties are already clearly in their highest and best use, particularly investment properties. In other cases it may be possible to envisage uses that could give a higher value, but if none of those other uses pass the triple economic, physical and legal test referred to above, then the property can also be considered to be in its highest and best use. If the valuer has not valued the property on the basis of its highest and best use he/she must state this and give the reasons for not doing so. The reporting entity will then in turn be able to include this information in its report. European Valuation Standards 2020 I.B. - EVGN 2: Fair Value for Financial Reporting 115 5. Fair Value hierarchy 5.1. IFRS provides a 'fair value hierarchy', categorising the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels. The purpose of this notion is to allow readers of fi- nancial reports to understand the extent to which the reported value is based on readily observable evidence or, on the other hand, derived from other methods. 5.2. It is important to note that the concept of Fair Value hierarchy in IFRS applies to the inputs used or adopted in valuations, not to valuation methods. This is a change from the previous situation, where IAS 40 defined a hierarchy based on valuation techniques. The inputs are categorised in one of levels 1, 2 or 3, as follows: • Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for items identical to the asset being measured; • Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets included within Level 1, that are directly or indirectly observable; • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs. A reporting entity develops unobserv- able inputs using the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the entity's own data, taking into account all information about market participant assumptions that is reasonably available. 5.3. Adjustment to inputs — The standard states that an adjustment to a significant Level 2 input might result in categorisation of that input as Level 3 if the adjust- ment uses significant unobservable inputs. This concept is particularly relevant to the valuation of real property assets, as will be seen below. Valuers should there- fore pay particular attention to the concept of adjustments to observable inputs in deciding on the hierarchy level to be ascribed to an input. 5.4. Once the inputs have been categorised, the Fair Value measurement (i.e. the val- uation) will finally be classified as level 1, 2 or 3 according to the classification of the inputs adopted, not on the basis of the method used. It should not be thought that the use of one method or another automatically leads to the valuation being categorised as level 1, 2 or 3 — the final classification will depend on the nature of the inputs used in each case. If inputs are of different levels, the whole Fair Value measurement will be categorised at the lowest level input that is significant (3 is lowest). Thus a valuation that contains a significant input that is at level 3 will be classified as level 3. 116 I.B. - EVGN 2: Fair Value for Financial Reporting European Valuation Standards 2020 5.5. It is important to understand that the classification of a value measurement as Level 3, rather than Level 2, for example, is not intended to suggest that the valu- ation on which it is based is of a lower or poorer quality. The distinction between Level 2 and Level 3 is intended to inform readers of financial reports about the nature of the inputs used, rather than being in some way a measure of the quality of the valuation. In a similar way, classification of a fair value measurement in Level 3 is not intended to imply that the property is less liquid than others. 5.6. IFRS 13 strengthens disclosure requirements for the characteristics and risks of the asset class, valuation techniques, the level of the fair value hierarchy and the inputs used. Specific disclosures are required for fair value measurements using significant unobservable Level 3 inputs Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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