Edition 2020 Ninth edition
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a6048c931cdc93 TEGOVA EVS 2020 digital
"valuation methods". The entity is to use methods that are "appropriate in the cir-
cumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maxi- mizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs". 7.2. Observable inputs are "inputs that are developed using market data, such as publicly available information about actual transactions …, that reflect the assumptions that market participants would use …". Unobservable inputs are "inputs for which market data are not available and that are developed using the best information available about the assumptions that market participants would use". European Valuation Standards 2020 I.B. - EVGN 2: Fair Value for Financial Reporting 119 7.3. IFRS 13 sets out three valuation techniques: market approach, cost approach and income approach (IFRS 13.62) . • The market approach is essentially valuation by reference to sale prices achieved for similar properties, as is used widely for residential owner-occupi- er properties. In many markets, comparisons will be made on a floor area basis, in which case the valuer's principal input is a value per unit of floor area, ad- justed to take account of differences between the subject property and the sale comparables. Another common example is the price per hectare for ag- ricultural land; • The two main variants of the income approach in property valuation are gen- erally capitalisation methods, on the one hand, and the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, on the other. Both methods involve inputs such as estimated rental values (ERVs) and yields, as well as various deductions and allowanc- es for non-recoverable expenditure, void periods, capital expenditure, etc. In addition, the DCF approach, where it seeks to make all assumptions explicit, will contain assumptions about future growth in rental values and, in some markets, future indexation of rents; • The cost approach requires the valuer to estimate or determine construc- tion costs and other ancillary expenditure in the first instance, then estimate the value of the land on which the property stands. A depreciation factor is often applied to the estimated construction cost, in which case the deprecia- tion factor is an input that will often be significant in the determination of the final value. 7.4. Valuers therefore use a wide variety of inputs, depending on the valuation method they adopt. Most of these inputs will be based on evidence obtained from the market, whether it be evidence of price, yield, cost, void periods, etc. The quality and reliability of this evidence will vary according to the type of property and also from country to country, city to city and even sub-market to sub-market within a town or city. In addition, in most markets the quantity of such evidence is compar- atively limited, as the number of properties that are let or sold each year often rep- resents only a modest percentage of the total stock of such properties. There will nevertheless be exceptions, such as sales of new properties on a sizeable estate of very similar ones. 7.5. The quantity, quality and reliability of the evidence will also vary according to where the valuation date falls in the market cycle. For example, a downward phase of the cycle often starts with a period of much reduced market activity in which few transactions take place and thus little evidence is available to the valuer. In addition, at some stages in the market cycle participants may be more or less in- clined to share information about prices or rents achieved and this, too, can affect the quantity, quality and reliability of the evidence available. 120 I.B. - EVGN 2: Fair Value for Financial Reporting European Valuation Standards 2020 8. Fair Value compared with Market Value 8.1. EVS 2 already compares Fair Value for IFRS accounting purposes with Market Value and it is not necessary to repeat that discussion here. In most cases Market Value and Fair Value are interchangeable. However Fair Value and Market Value are not synonymous, particularly in circumstances where property being valued is not in its highest and best use at the date of the valuation. While the definition of HABU under IFRS 13, pertinent to Fair Value, identifies only uses that are legal at the date of valuation, the TEGOVA definition of Highest and Best Use pertinent to Market Value (EVS 1) encompasses uses that are legal or likely to become so at the date of the valuation, reflecting an element of the uplift in value which will result once such use is fully permitted or where relevant, other constraints have been lifted. 8.2. In any case, where valuers choose to report a Fair Value significantly lower than the Market Value, it is strongly recommended that they highlight this fact to the client and explain the reason for the difference. European Valuation Standards 2020 I.B. - EVGN 3: Valuation for Insurance Purposes 123 Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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