Edition 2020 Ninth edition
I.B. European Valuation Guidance Notes EVGN 1
Download 1.74 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
a6048c931cdc93 TEGOVA EVS 2020 digital
I.B. European Valuation Guidance Notes
EVGN 1 Portfolio Valuation 1. A portfolio valuation 2. Undertaking a portfolio valuation 3. The result 4. Values of the component properties 5. Reporting the Fair Value of a portfolio for accounts 104 I.B. - EVGN 1: Portfolio Valuation European Valuation Standards 2020 1. A portfolio valuation 1.1. For property valuation, a portfolio is a collection of properties owned by a single person or entity and which are to be valued as a whole. Whether the properties are many or few, inter-dependent or distinct, the basis of portfolio valuation is the instruction that they are to be valued as a whole. That understanding removes the issue of considering whether a portfolio has to comprise a minimum number of properties. 1.2. While the valuer might also be required to provide values for the separate prop- erties within the portfolio and that might often be part of the work in preparing a portfolio valuation, the portfolio value might be greater or lesser than the total of the values of the portfolio's component parts. Any difference between those two figures might then be a guide to the client's business policy, marketing strategy or for other purposes. 1.3. The difference between the two approaches could be seen as: • A portfolio valuation being "top down" with the asset being the combined portfolio; • A component valuation being "bottom up" working from the value of each prop- erty identified within the portfolio. 1.4. It is most direct for the instruction to define a portfolio of properties as the single entity to be valued without needing to make an assumption or special assump- tion as: • The valuer should know from the instruction whether or not the properties are to be valued as a whole or separately. In cases where either the instruction is unclear or the situation cannot be absolutely established (as perhaps with contested ownerships) the approach of making the assumption of a portfolio valuation may be appropriate where consistent with the instruction; • To be a special assumption, the statement would have to be false at the time. It would, thus, be a hypothetical circumstance such as where a property might be added to other properties, increasing or creating a portfolio or potentially enhancing or detracting from a portfolio. 1.5. Examples of property portfolios include: • A collection of investment properties where these might be sold for whatever reason as a whole; European Valuation Standards 2020 I.B. - EVGN 1: Portfolio Valuation 105 • A country estate where the main house, amenity and other land with other dwellings may in some circumstances offer a collective value above the value of the component parts; • Land being assembled for a prospective development project; • Properties subject to securitised mortgages; • A collection of properties held by public authorities, such as schools. 1.6. In the context of a portfolio of properties, value might lie variously in: • Where a portfolio makes properties available and attractive to a different type of bidder, as where the chance to buy a thousand dwellings could be of interest to private or institutional investors but not to the individuals who might want single properties for occupation; • The diversification of risk given by a varied portfolio; • Synergies in cost and management; • Circumstances where separate disposals would be too onerous, slow or uncer- tain, with a risk of the disposals not being fully completed; • Other reasons. 1.7. It is entirely a matter for the circumstances and markets at the time as to whether: • A portfolio of properties has a different value from the total of the values of its component parts; • Any such difference is positive or negative. Where a portfolio offers a premium so that it is worth more as a whole than the simple total of the values of its parts, then it is more likely to be retained, market- ed as a whole or perhaps expanded by acquisition. Where the portfolio has a value that is less than the sum of its parts, that may, subject to operational issues, tend to encourage its disposal in parts. The potential to unlock those separate values may be one possible reason for purchase. 2. Undertaking a portfolio valuation 2.1. The valuation of a number of properties as a portfolio is undertaken in the same way as the valuation of an individual property with instruction and engagement, inspection, research, analysis, forming an opinion as to value and reporting. While the scale of the work for larger or more diverse portfolios may affect how those 106 I.B. - EVGN 1: Portfolio Valuation European Valuation Standards 2020 processes are undertaken, the task remains that of the professional production of an opinion as to the value of the portfolio. 2.2. The full scale of the portfolio will need to be defined and recorded. There should be no doubt as to what property has been considered and so to what the valuation relates. That may require assumptions as to uncertain boundaries or facts. 2.3. A portfolio of a large number of properties may, of practical necessity, be under- taken by closer inspection of only a fraction or sample of properties, so that the valuer uses them to appraise the issues that are relevant and, so far as they are representative of the portfolio as whole, determine its value. That requires care both in selecting the sample involved so that it is informative as to the portfolio as whole and in the professional use of any statistical techniques that are used in this task. 2.4. Using statistical tools and AVMs — The valuer might use statistical tools to test measures of the distribution and variance of values and the sensitivity of the outcome to particular assumptions. These may be bespoke tools, general statis- tical packages or derived from an Automated Valuation Model (AVM). This is dis- cussed in EVGN 3. 2.5. That issue may, according to the scale of the portfolio, prompt consideration of the use of an AVM. As a desktop exercise, this is more apt for large scale valuations than for individual properties. 2.6. Where valuers are confident in: • The representative nature of the data being used, including its relevance to properties in the portfolio (such as geographical area and market sector), its type (actual results from transactions or just asking prices or other valuations) and its volume; and • The appropriateness of the rules that the model uses to estimate price, poten- tially including how they are reviewed for changing markets; an AVM may assist them in forming the final opinion of value. 2.7. It is important to remember that statistical techniques, statistical tools and AVMs are mathematical aids to calculation and do not offer the professional judgment that is needed to report on value: that is the valuer's task and responsibility. European Valuation Standards 2020 I.B. - EVGN 1: Portfolio Valuation 107 2.8. Using other valuers and professionals — A valuer instructed to value a large portfo- lio may need the assistance of others to handle the instruction. Where a portfolio includes different types of property, the valuer may need to retain the services of another valuer skilled in properties outside her/his expertise or other profession- als able to offer contributory expertise. 2.9. Such a need may particularly apply where: • A portfolio includes a more unusual asset (such as, for example, a quarry) or a property in a specialist use; • The portfolio is geographically diverse, in more than one country or across the European Union, making it harder for the valuer to inspect or understand all the properties with possible issues of differing law, language and culture to be considered. Where a portfolio includes properties in different jurisdictions, it will frequently be wise for the valuer to retain the services of another valuer knowledgeable in those areas; • The portfolio includes other things to be valued than property, such as business interests, plant and machinery, renewable energy installations operated by the client or fine art. 2.10. In such cases, the instructed valuer may act as the central co-ordinator for the project, carrying overall responsibility for the work undertaken by others. 2.11. As with a single property, the task is the professional production of a professional opinion as to the value of the portfolio as a whole on which the client can rely and which can be defended. The procedures taken should be covered by the terms of engagement and recorded in the Valuation Report. 3. The result 3.1. The result is the valuer's opinion as to the value of the portfolio as a whole. It is not a valuation of the parts of the portfolio considered separately though that might also be requested. 3.2. If the instruction is for a portfolio valuation, then any further observation is only commentary. As well as any discussion of Market Risk, that might include any view as to whether the portfolio value offers a premium or discount to the total of the values of the component properties. 108 I.B. - EVGN 1: Portfolio Valuation European Valuation Standards 2020 3.3. One possible issue for a commentary on the valuation is whether any single asset, factor or other feature within the portfolio might have a disproportionate effect on the portfolio value. While that might be either a positive or negative influence, it might be more important where that individual property has a negative value. 4. Values of the component properties 4.1. The client's instruction may also require a valuation of the portfolio's component properties. That would be a different opinion as to value, this time on the basis that the properties would be sold separately. 4.2. On occasion, that may require a judgment as to the level to which the portfolio is dis- aggregated. That might rest on a view as to the lots in which the portfolio might best be marketed (if it is not marketed as a whole). It could still be that several potentially separate properties would still be sold together because of value that would offer. That might be the case for agricultural fields or where development plots would be best sold in larger units or where a group of properties offers a synergy. 4.3. In practice, a portfolio valuation is likely to require sufficient appraisal of the port- folio's components to enable the valuer to form a view of their individual values and so the totality of those values. However and unless instructed, that might not have been prepared to the standards required for such a view to be a professional opinion as to the value of each component. 5. Reporting the Fair Value of a portfolio for accounts Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling