Engineering economy lorie m. Cabanayan francisco d. Cuaresma
NOTATION AND CASH FLOW DIAGRAMS
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COMPILED LECTURE IN ENGINEERING ECONOMY
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NOTATION AND CASH FLOW DIAGRAMS
Notations used in formulas for compound interest formulas i = interest rate per interest period N = number of compounding periods P = present sum of money; the equivalent worth of one or more cash flows at a reference point in time called the present F = future sum of money; the equivalent worth of one or more cash flows at a reference point in time called the future A = end-of-period cash flows in a uniform series continuing for a specified number of periods; starting at the end of the first period and continuing through the last period Cash Flow Diagram Cash flow is the difference between total cash coming (inflows or cash receipts) and total cash going out (outflows or cash disbursements) for a given period of time. Cash flow provides a means for planning the most effective use of your cash. A cash flow diagram is a picture of a financial problem that shows all cash inflows and outflows plotted along a horizontal time line. It is used to visualize cash flow: individual cash flows are presented as vertical arrows along a horizontal time scale. 23 The cash flow diagram employs several conventions: 1. The horizontal line is a time scale, with progression of time moving from left to right divided into equal periods such as days, months, or years. 2. The arrows signify cash flows and are placed at the end of the period. Funds that you pay out such as savings deposits or lease payments are negative cash flows that are represented by downward arrows Funds that you receive such as proceeds from a mortgage or withdrawals from a saving account are positive cash flows represented by upward arrows. 3. The cash flow diagram is dependent on the point of view (e.g. lender versus borrower viewpoint). Example: You are 40 years old and have accumulated $50,000 in your savings account. You can add $100 at the end of each month to your account which pays an annual interest rate of 6% compounded monthly. Will you be able to retire in 20 years? The time line is divided into 240 monthly periods (20 years times 12 payments per year) since the payments are made monthly and the interest is also compounded monthly. The $50,000 that you have now (present value) is a negative cash outflow since you will treat it as though you were just now depositing it into the account. It is represented with a downward pointing arrow with its base at the beginning of the first period. The 240 monthly $100 deposits are also negative outflows represented with downward pointing arrows placed at the end of each period. Finally you will withdraw some unknown amount (the future value) after 20 years. Represent this positive inflow with an upward pointing arrow with its base at the very end of the last period. This diagram was drawn from your point of view. From the bank's point of view, the present value and the series of deposits are positive cash inflows, and the final withdrawal of the future value will be a negative outflow. 24 N -1 N N -2 3 2 1 F = Future equivalent (Find) i = interest rate per period P = Present equivalent (Given) Period Download 436.52 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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