English for

9 
Answers
Text 1: the Vancouver citation style
Text 2: the APA or Havard style
10 Put learners into A & B pairs and give learners a time 
limit to analyse individually the reference lists. Then ask 
learners to compare their notes. You can also ask if the 
reference style in their language is the same or different.
Suggested answers
There are differences in:
the position of the year of publication, the use of full stops with 
authors’ initials, the punctuation after the volume number, the 
references to webpages
Writing
11, 12 Tell learners to go back to the authors’ guidelines 
they found in Unit 1, Lesson 1, Activity 15 and to follow 
any recommendations in them for referencing. Ask them 
to include different sources in their reference lists such 
as books, articles, online articles, etc. Encourage peer 
correction. If you are short of time, you can set this as 
homework.
Learners’ own answers.
Follow-up
13 You may want to organise this as a whole-class 
discussion in the next lesson. In this case, ask learners to 
prepare 3–5 PowerPoint slides with examples of citations 
and references. Ask them to be ready to present them in 
class.
Reading
2 You can first ask learners to skim Text 1 and identify 
its topic (research on the importance of reflection). You 
may tell them the title of the original article which is 
‘Encouraging Reflection: Do Professional Development 
Workshops Increase the Skill Level and Use of Reflection 
in Practice?’
Answers
1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A
3 The purpose of this activity is to read the text for detail.
Answers
1 paragraph 2; good critical self-appraisal, greater self-awareness, 
more fully, impact positively, grammar forms expressing 
supposition: more likely to, would, could, can empower
2 to present an analysis of a concept (different aspects of the 
concept are presented)
3 paragraph 2
4 ‘these outcomes’, ‘these actions’, ‘both processes’, ‘all 
essential steps’