English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
HEDGING AND BOOSTING
Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy (2006) reprinted from Cambridge Grammar of English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 279–284. This reading is different from previous ones in that it does not consist of continuous prose, like the articles and book chapters in other readings, but rather of an extract from a well-known reference grammar (a grammar which is intended primarily for finding answers to specific questions). The information it contains is useful, as it relates to the grammatical areas described in B6 (modality) and elsewhere (e.g. the passive in A6), but it is also important for acquainting you with the nature of reference grammars and with how to use them as independent sources of information. A third reason for adopting this reading is that it adopts a different approach to grammar by looking at it in one particular ‘genre’, in this case academic communication. The idea under- lying this approach is that grammar operates differently according to the genre (e.g. business letters vs e-mails), as well as to the mode (speech vs writing). Whether this is more a matter of frequency and tendencies rather than different grammatical systems is discussed more fully in A12. Note the use of sometimes lengthy authentic examples, and the use of glosses in brackets ahead of examples to describe the sub-genres in volved. Bold is used for highlighted items (as opposed to underlining in this book). Academic texts are most frequently characterised by a desire to avoid making claims and statements that are too direct and assertive, since academic discourse is often about theories, conclusions drawn from evidence, exchanging viewpoints, and so on, rather than hard, indisputable facts. Therefore, hedging (making a proposition less assertive) is very important in academic styles. Less often, it is sometimes also neces- sary to assert a claim or viewpoint quite directly and more confidently, a process we shall refer to as boosting. Hedging and boosting are principally realised through modal expressions and through the use of simple tense forms. We also examine the role of adverbs and other constructions in asserting (boosting) and hedging. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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