English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
D10.1 Michael Lewis
(1986) reprinted from The English Verb, Hove: Language Teaching Publications, pp. 148–150. 2 Conditional Sentences It is the verb phrase not the sentence which is the fundamental unit requiring analysis. Certain combinations are, for semantic reasons, highly frequent, while others are less frequent or even impossible. A particular misunderstanding frequently arises in the teaching of so-called conditional sentences. It is common to teach three ‘basic’ kinds: 1. If he comes I’ll ask him. 2. If he came I’d ask him. 3. If he’d come I would’ve asked him. These are frequently referred to as: 1. The first conditional, or likely conditions. 2. The second conditional, or unlikely conditions. 3. The third conditional, or impossible conditions. D10 Michael Lewis C O N D I T I O N A L S 247 The three examples given are all well-formed sentences of types which would be relatively frequent in much written English. Readers may care, however, to examine the following list and mark the sentences which they consider to be well-formed: 1. If he would come, I’d ask him. 2. If he’ll come, I’ll ask him. 3. If he’s come, I’ll ask him. 4. If he’s going to come, I’d ask him. 5. If he could come, I’d ask him. 6. If he can come, I’ll ask him. 7. If he might come, I’ll ask him. 8. If he comes, I’m going to ask him. 9. If we hadn’t been going to ask him, he wouldn’t have been invited. 10. If he hadn’t been invited by us, he wasn’t going to get an invitation at all. In fact all of these examples are well-formed English sentences. If students are taught only the first, second and third conditionals, they will know only a small, admittedly highly frequent, sub-set of the possibilities. It is not necessary to teach the fourth conditional, the fifth conditional, etc., but it is important to recognise that the possibility arises from the meaning of the individual clauses and that there are many more possibilities than those frequently presented in language teaching textbooks. The explanation of the use of a form in a conditional sentence is exactly the same as that of its occurrence in any other utterance. The underlying principle behind this is that each main verb phrase is treated independently. An understanding of the importance of the verb phrase rather than the sentence has two important practical consequences, one at lower levels and one for more advanced students. As soon as we turn our attention to the spoken language we note that interchanges such as the following are common: Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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