WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
Michael Swan
(2005) reprinted from Chapter 1 of Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
pp. 4–7.
In this paper Michael Swan attempts to get to the very fundamentals of grammar. He believes
that at the deepest level grammar is the same for all languages, with the same function and the
same basic options.
Most of the paper consists of a ‘thought experiment’ – an exercise designed to get readers
thinking about how language evolved. We have no way of knowing if anything like this actually
occurred, of course, but it does throw light on what we actually do with language, and what
language (and life) would be like without grammar.
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