English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
Nouns with identical singular and plural forms
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
8.4 Nouns with identical singular and plural forms
The class D words identified at the beginning of this chapter (salmon, cod, sheep, pheasant, mackerel, and so on) differ from other noun classes in that they have iden- tical singular and plural forms (compare this salmon ~ these salmon, one cod ~ several cod, and so on). The fact that most of the phenomena in question belong to the same conceptual domain suggests that there is some underlying rationale here – that the class of nouns with this unusual grammatical property do not constitute an arbitrary set. The semantic property shared by most of these nouns is that they traditionally belong to the domain of hunting and fishing. In other words, the phenomena in 198 E X T E N S I O N question constitute a food resource. When someone catches a fish, it is both an individual entity and a representative of the species to which it belongs. This latter property is salient in this context because it involves characteristics that are crucial to the general fishing scenario – whether the catch is edible, how it will taste, how many will be needed to make it a viable meal, and so on. To put it slightly differently, when you are fishing for ‘salmon’ (or indeed simply buying ‘salmon’ at the fishmon- ger’s), it is relatively immaterial which particular individual you acquire. What is important is that it is ‘salmon’ rather than ‘cod’ or ‘mackerel’. This property relates entities of this kind to mass phenomena. Just as any arbitrary portion of water is equivalent to any other portion, so any individual salmon is as good a representative of its species as any other from the point of view of the consumer. The grammatical character of these nouns, therefore, seems to be a reflex of a general ambivalence concerning the individuated and mass aspects of the phenomenon. Their individuated character is often highly salient (the difference between catching one salmon and several can be important), so that it is useful to have a singular ~ plural contrast, but the absence of explicit plural marking seems to be a reflex of the fact that the individual is an arbitrary manifestation of a general resource. [. . .] Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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