English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
A Are we going to ask him? B
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
A Are we going to ask him?
B If we have to. A Are you going to bring your car? B If it would help. A Are you going on Saturday? B If it doesn’t rain. In traditional structuralist courses ‘the conditional’ is taught at a relatively late stage. In a communicative syllabus this is most unsatisfactory – it is by no means true that because one is a comparative beginner one only wishes to make unqualified remarks. The teaching of ‘the conditional’ as if it were a special form is theoretically unsound. There is no reason at all why expressions introduced by if or unless cannot be introduced into a course at a comparatively early stage. This increases the student’s communicative ability, and provides an introduction to the more complex conditional structures which are comparatively common in the written language. 248 E X T E N S I O N Teachers should also note that introducing would as ‘the English conditional’ is extremely, and unnecessarily, confusing. Would frequently occurs in conditional sentences but, as we have seen with the Principle of General Use, it is important to avoid teaching a partial truth as a generally applicable rule. The following are in no sense ‘conditional’: Would you like a cup of tea? It would take about three days. It is not uncommon to argue that such sentences contain a ‘covert’ condition but, if that is the case, so does: I’m taking my umbrella (even if it isn’t raining yet). Incidentally, like many conditional clauses in English, this clause does not contain would – further evidence that would is not ‘the conditional’ in English. English simply does not have ‘a conditional tense’. These difficulties are avoided quite simply if would is treated as a modal auxiliary, and not referred to as ‘the conditional’. With modern functional methodology this is not a very radical suggestion. It is clear that expressions such as Would you like a cup of tea? are best explained as ‘when you want to offer some body something, or invite them to do something, use Would you like . . . or Would you like to . . .’. The functional description is a sufficient explanation of the meaning and use of the form. It is confusing and unnecessary to dissect its structural characteristics. For many school students the main problem with conditionals is one of manip- ulating the various auxiliaries which occur. Most mistakes are mistakes of form. This suggests that school students do require practice of the forms of such highly occurrent uses as the so-called first, second and third conditionals. At higher levels, however, students are frequently inhibited from forming natural expressions of their own because of the restrictive rules with which they have been presented. For such students it would be helpful to present them with a large list similar to that presented above and invite them to: (a) divide the list into those forms which are possible and those which are not (b) discuss together the possible patterns. The truth towards which they should be led is that the possibilities in conditionals are identical to those in ‘non-conditional’ uses. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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