Environmental performance of the innovative, patented mixing system in an agricultural biogas plant based on lca approach
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4. Results and discussion
4.1. Life Cycle Assessment of biogas plant with two different mixing systems Depending on the type of impact category, different unit processes have a dominant impact on the environment. The highest impacts in the land use, freshwater ecotoxicity and acidification categories were observed for the anaerobic digestion process ( Table 3 ). However, in the case of the terrestrial eutrophication and climate change categories, the process of electricity production has the highest environmental impact, accounting for 52% of the terrestrial eutrophication category and as much as 94% of the climate change category, respectively. The share of the slurry storage process in all impact categories is negligible at less than 10%. For the applied methodological approach, the energy pro- duction process shows environmental impacts related mainly to the emission of CO 2 and other chemical compounds into the atmosphere during the combustion of biogas in the cogeneration engine. Table 2 shows the impact results by impact category and for the two most important unit processes by amount of impact. The most significant environmental impact values relate to the climate change category and amount to 126.049 and 109.016 kg CO 2 equivalent (eq) for S01 and S02, respectively ( Table 2 ). In this category, the environmental burden directly relates to the electricity production process for the operation of the biogas plant and amounts to as much as 103.141 kg CO 2 eq for scenario S02 ( Table 3 ). It is assumed that for both scenarios only part of the electricity generated at the source is used for the biogas plant’s electricity demand, whereas the other part of electricity is supplied from the medium-voltage power grid. Moreover, not only heat but also grid power is used to heat the digester. Further, carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, although it results from the processing of biomass, accumulates in the atmosphere and contributes to climate change. The environmental burdens in the freshwater ecotoxicity category amounting to 124.122 and 88.743 CTUe for S01 and S02, respectively, and in the land use category amounting to 6.380 and 4.633 kg C deficit, respectively ( Table 2 ) also relate to the electricity production process in CHP unit ( Table 3 ). In the land use category, the digestion process shows a comparable impact to the electricity production process but is still lower ( Table 3 ). For the tested biogas plant, an in-depth climate change analysis was conducted based on the updated IPPC 2021 (100a) method, taking into account the breakdown of CO 2 eq into different types depending on the emission source: biogenic CO 2 eq, uptake CO 2 eq, fossil CO 2 eq and land use and transformation CO 2 eq ( Fig. 5 ). Therefore, global warming po- tential research was identified in the entire set of results on impact categories. The total climate change indicator value for both scenarios is 126.104 kg CO 2 eq and 109.058 kg CO 2 eq for S01 and S02, respectively. The main source of emissions for biogas plants is biogenic CO 2 eq from biogas combustion and renewable energy production. The values are 103.611 kg CO 2 eq for S02 with the hybrid pump and 118.420 CO 2 eq for S01. Biogenic carbon dioxide refers to the conversion of biomass to biogas and its subsequent combustion. Biogenic carbon released to the environment is usually balanced by the absorption of carbon dioxide by growing vegetation through photosynthesis (e.g. pig feed). Carbon di- oxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels are 8.242 and 5.848 kg CO 2 eq for S01 and S02, respectively, and primarily relate to the use of the grid electricity to power biogas plants. One important issue that is seldom addressed about CO 2 emissions is its reabsorption or absorption. The calculations indicated that for the analysed scenarios, the CO 2 uptake impact is negative (− 0.562 and − 0.404 kg CO 2 eq for S01 and S02, respectively). This means that part of the CO 2 emitted is re-accumulated in the soil and does not adversely affect the increase in the GWP. Download 4.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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