Environmental performance of the innovative, patented mixing system in an agricultural biogas plant based on lca approach
Fig. 4. Mass balance for a biogas plant with both scenarios of mixing system with reference to one year of operation. Table 1
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Fig. 4. Mass balance for a biogas plant with both scenarios of mixing system with reference to one year of operation.
Table 1 Life Cycle Inventory for two mixing scenarios S01 and S02 based on empirical data with reference to one year of operation. Input output unit process sub-process component inventory process Amount unit component amount unit S02 S01 S02 S01 slurry storage/ substrate dosing slurry manure, liquid, swine (RER) 1,095.00 1,095.00 m 3 /y NH 3 0.11 0.11 m 3 /y electricity electricity, medium voltage (PL), market for 164.25 164.25 kWh/ y CH 4 21.07 21.07 m 3 /y energy at source 164.25 164.25 CO 2 6.45 6.45 m 3 /y digester discharging electricity electricity, medium voltage (PL), market for 66.91 66.91 kWh/ y fermentation process/anaerobic digestion Mixing electricity electricity, medium voltage (PL), market for 441.04 534.725 kWh/ y digestate 968.64 968.64 t/y energy at source 441.04 534.725 digester heating electricity electricity, medium voltage (PL), market for 1,289.16 1,289.16 kWh/ y heat internal use, at source 15,684.76 15,684.76 kWh/ y energy production from biogas lubricating oil lubricating oil (RER) market for 12.06 8.87 kg/y electricity (Brutto) 51,347.72 37,786.66 kWh/ y CHP unit heat and power co- generation unit 50 kW (RER) construction 0.0384 0.0384 p/y heat waste (Netto) 50,174.25 34,697.45 kWh/ y NO x 2.60 3.54 m 3 /y CO 2 22,009.50 26,417.85 m 3 /y E. Wrzesi´nska-Jędrusiak et al. Journal of Cleaner Production 349 (2022) 131420 7 3.2. Inventory All material and energy inputs and outputs for both types of pumps were determined within the boundaries of the analysed system and based on the abovementioned mass and energy balance ( Table 1 ). The amount of electricity consumption and production was calculated based on empirical data from energy meters in the biogas plant. However, data on the inputs of specific unit processes in energy production were partially estimated based on the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. Since only part of the energy produced in the tested biogas plant is used to supply its own power needs. It provides 50% of the energy requirements of dosing slurry and mixing processes. The remaining demand comes from the medium voltage transmission grid and was determined for the Polish energy mix, medium voltage. The pilot plant was also heated by the heat generated by the internal biogas engine cooling system of the cogene- ration system. Any excess heat generated in the biogas plant that is not used is defined as heat waste ( Table 1 ). The fermentation process was divided into sub-processes as the process requires different amounts of electricity and with two types of mixing (hydraulic and hybrid pumps). Emissions were calculated based on the specified biogas production separately for the different mixing systems. Emissions to air from the slurry storage were based on literature data ( Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2019 ). Emissions generated from biogas combus- tion in the CHP system and from biogas flaring during CHP service or with periodic biogas surpluses were calculated. It was assumed that due to the shorter hydrocarbon chains, emissions of harmful gases such as carbon (II) oxide are negligible for biogas. The NO x emission was determined as the maximum instantaneous emission obtained at the mentioned biogas plant measured with a flue gas analyser. Emissions from the dosing process and the biogas combustion process for energy production were calculated based on the empirical data generated by direct measurements on-site. No methane leaks were anticipated at the plant. However, methane emissions from the reservoir were anticipated and biogas flaring was assumed in case of failure or servicing. The biogas pilot plant operates in Poland, and all the studies on the use of different mixing systems have been conducted on an industrial scale, not just on a laboratory scale. The mass-energy flow values given are for the biogas pilot plant and the industrial scale. Other emissions from the combustion process were not considered due to their marginal nature. In addition, the turf ore desulphurisation system and the low-sulphur slurry feed- stock used made it possible not to include sulphur oxide emissions from the biogas combustion process in the calculations. Download 4.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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