Эволюцияси, трансформацияси ва лексикографик

LOUKOSTER (eng. low-cost carrier) is an airline that offers low-cost airline tickets to customers.
After passing through the stage of neologism and finding a place in the explanatory dictionary, new words are judged by the laws of the recipient language and “be as natural and clear as their own words (leaf), phonetic re-formation (bed), grammatical absorption (from bank), active participation in the word formation system (tractor), due to its repeated use, its foreign element is not noticeable”². There are only a few words that need to be included in an explanatory dictionary of a general type. Among them, you can mention smartphone, client, account, startup, hub, brand, etc.
The third section of the fourth chapter is called “Presentation of new loanwords in the Uzbek language in educational explanatory dictionaries”. Specific vocabulary units are naturally delimited on the basis of words belonging to a specific field and a single layer. In particular, educational dictionaries are among them, and it is said in scientific sources that general dictionaries were created on the basis of them. B.Bahriddinova considers the characteristics of educational purpose orientation, limitation in volume, language (mother tongue or other language) to be the primary characteristics of educational vocabulary. It also includes education, information, standardization, systematization, coordination, and language teaching³ among the main tasks of the educational dictionary. Of course, the indicated words are also important for the educational explanatory dictionary. Students have a regular need for vocabulary information. The dictionary initially satisfies the reader with the task of providing information in this process. Normalization plays an important role in the speech process – in the pragmatics of oral and written speech.
The selection of loanwords to be included in the educational explanatory dictionary is an important process. On the one hand, it is determined according to the age level of the students, and on the other hand, the relevance of learning in today’s communication is also required. In particular, the educational explanatory dictionary of newly created words will undoubtedly be attractive to students. In the process of working with the dictionaries of students, the competence of studying them in comparison with their basis in the source language – etymological meaning is formed. The fact that new-age borrowed words have a large amount in the language reserve also requires the norm of their use in speech culture.
In the lexis, most of the units with the general meaning of trading place are of a possessive nature, and their semantically graded paradigm has also been formed. For example, a significant difference in the usage of minimarket – market – supermarket – hypermarket took place on the basis of the growth of the local market. The attractive appearance of gradualness by means of single base (market) and (mini-, super-, hyper-) prefixes is one of the rare occurrences in the lexis of the Uzbek language. Of course, the separation of these units into morphemes is not important for the lexis of the recipient language.
The members of the paradigm participating in the sign of growth from “materiality” to “volumetricity” have an associative nature, and are also significant as language units that quickly recall one another in memory. In the process of growth, the market can also pragmatically reflect the concepts of neutral lexeme, units standing before and above itself in speech. The distinctions of modern shopping centers are not limited to the local scene. In this process, their regional format, ability to receive customers, and reserve capacity are among the determining criteria. The scale of the paradigm of loanwords that converges to the general meaning of the shopping center is also seen in the expansion of the lapka, laryok, kiosk, shop, boutique, gastronome, magazine, minimarket, market, crepe market, department store, universam, supermarket, hypermarket, bazaar, etc. Among them, the word boutique has the following meanings in the source (English) language dictionaries: 1) a store that sells goods made in a batch, as well as expensive clothes, shoes and jewelry; 2) type of advertising agency. This word, along with the above, is also used to describe a small fashion business specializing in the sale of certain products and services. The concept of appropriation formed in our language today does not allow us to look at it from a polysemantic point of view. In general, it can be included in the educational Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language as follows: