Expressive Means (EM) and Stylistic Devices (SD)

The Pubicistic Style, its Substyles, and their Peculiarities
The pubicistic style treats certain political, social, economic, cultural problems. The aim of this style is to form public opinion, to convince the reader or the listener.
Substyles: The oratory essays, journalistic articles, radio and TV commentary.
The main features:

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  a logically precise clear cut syntax;
  
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  a carefully and thoroughly thought out selection of words;
  
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  the use of sd and em;
  
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  carefull paragraphing;
  
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  intonation full of conviction and persistence;
  
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  consiseness (сжатость).
  

Oratory. The oratorical style is the oral subdivision of the publicist style. It makes use of a great number of expressive means to arouse and keep the public's interest: repetition, gradation, antithesis, rhetorical questions, emotive words, elements of colloquial speech. Similes and metaphors are generally traditional. It is prepared beforehand and it is a monologue. It has some special formulas of address and conclusion (e.g. ladies and gentlemen).
Radio and TV commentary is less impersonal and more expressive and emotional.
The essay is very subjective and the most colloquial of the all substyles of the publicistic style. It is a literary composition of moderate length on philosophical, social, aesthetic, etc. subjects. It makes use of expressive means and tropes. It is characterized by:

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  brevity of expressions,
  
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  the use of the 1-st person singular (personal approach to the problem)
  
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  expanded use of connections;
  
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  naturalness of expressions;
  
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  the abundant use of emotive words;
  
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  use of similes and sustained metaphors.
  

The journalistic articles.
All the above mentioned features of PFS are to be found in any article. The character of the magazine as well as the subject chosen affects the choice and use of SDs. Words of emotive meaning, for example, are few in popular scientific articles. It is full of bookish, high- flown words, neologisms, parenthesis.