Extraction of proteins from the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus br003 followed by lipid extraction of the wet deproteinized biomass using hexane and ethyl acetate
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1-s2.0-S0960852420304612-main
Bioresource Technology 307 (2020) 123190
2 time, and pH were evaluated on the protein yield. The central com- posite design consisted of an 8 complete factorial design, augmented by 6 axial points on the axis of each variable at a distance of α = 1.682 from the design center, and five replicates at the center of the domain resulting in 19 randomized runs. Actual and coded values are listed in Table 1 . Samples were centrifuged (5000 g for 10 min at 4 °C) after the extraction of proteins, and the supernatant was collected for the quanti fication of total proteins according to Section 2.2. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was used as a guideline to measure the accuracy of the model. In order to increase the protein yield, the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was evaluated on the protein extraction of S. obliquus BR003 using a central composite design. The e ffects of SDS con- centration (0.2% to 1.8% w·v −1 ) and pH (0.6 to 12.4) were evaluated on the protein extraction of S. obliquus BR003 at 60 °C for 3 h. 2.4. Deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003 The deproteinized biomasses of S. obliquus BR003 were produced using two conditions of protein extraction according to the results of section 2.3. Prior to the protein extraction, the S. obliquus BR003 powder was suspended in deionized water until 5% (w·v −1 ) total solids. First, proteins were extracted using optimal conditions of temperature (60 °C), extraction time (3 h), and pH (12). However, this harsh con- dition used in protein extraction (i.e. pH 12) requires high consumption of inputs which limits its scalability. Thus, proteins were extracted using the moderate conditions of temperature (50 °C), extraction time (2 h), and pH (10.5) which results in a lower consumption of input. After the extraction of proteins, the supernatant was collected by cen- trifugation (5000 g for 10 min at 4 °C) for the determination of dis- persible proteins as described in Section 2.2. 2.5. E ffect of protein extraction on the emulsion stability, lipid extraction, and size distribution of the lipid droplets The deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003 was resuspended until 5% (w·v −1 ) total solids, and the pH was adjusted to 9 to assess the e ffect of dispersible proteins in the wet lipid extraction. The deprotei- nized and control biomasses of S. obliquus BR003 were used on the evaluation of the e ffect of protein extraction on the emulsion stability, lipid extraction, and size distribution of the lipid droplets. Wet lipid extraction was performed using a 1:1:1 ratio of biomass with 5% (w·v −1 ) total solids, ethyl acetate and hexane; and the mixture was homogenized using an axial impeller at 250 rpm for 10 min. Samples were taken at times 0 and 24 h after the mixture and centrifuged at 5000 g for 10 min, then the organic phase was dried at 105 °C for 2 h for determination of total lipids by gravimetry. For evaluation of the emulsion stability, samples were taken after mixing and kept in graduated tubes for 24 h for the determination of emulsion and solvent release indexes as previously described ( Law et al., 2017; Soares et al., 2017 ). The emulsion index indicates the volume of the mixture that remains emulsi fied (emulsion phase) in relation to the total volume of the mixture (Equation (1) ). The solvent release index indicates the percentage of the solvent system that was released from emulsion phase (organic phase) in relation to the total volume of the solvent system (Equation (2) ). Kinetics of the emulsion and solvent release indexes were calculated at di fferent times after the mixture of solvents and biomass: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Kinetics of the emulsion and solvent release indexes were determined in quad- ruplicate. = − − ∙ Download 1.87 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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