Extraction of proteins from the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus br003 followed by lipid extraction of the wet deproteinized biomass using hexane and ethyl acetate
Download 1.87 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
1-s2.0-S0960852420304612-main
Bioresource Technology 307 (2020) 123190
4 Fig. 1. E ffect of different parameters of extraction on the protein yield of S. obliquus BR003 biomass. The conditions of the protein extraction were optimized using the response surface methodology. a) Correlation between the observed and predicted data. b) Extraction time and pH at 60 °C. c) Extraction time and temperature at pH 12. d) pH and temperature with an extraction time of 3 h. Fig. 2. E ffect of the pH and SDS on the protein yield of S. obliquus BR003 biomass. The conditions of the protein extraction were optimized using the response surface methodology. a) Correlation between the observed and predicted data. b) SDS concentration and pH with an extraction time of 3 h at 60 °C. M.L. Amorim, et al. Bioresource Technology 307 (2020) 123190 5 production of the deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003. 3.3. Production of the deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003 The deproteinized S. obliquus biomass was produced using two di fferent conditions. The optimal condition of protein extraction was pH 12 at 60 °C for 3 h, and the moderate condition was pH 10.5 at 50 °C for 2 h. These conditions were determined according to the optimiza- tion of the extraction of proteins from S. obliquus BR003 (section 3.2). However, the optimal condition for the extraction was too severe and required a large amount of NaOH which may limit its use at a com- mercial scale. The BR003 strain showed a considerable bu ffering effect in pH values near 11 as observed in the protein extraction of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis spp. ( Gerde et al., 2013 ). Thus, the deproteinized biomass was also produced using a mod- erate condition which is more adequate for commercial applications, and this condition theoretically resulted in a protein yield of 18%, with con fidence interval (95% confidence) between 15.9% and 20.2% and prediction interval (95% con fidence) between 14.6% and 21.8% ac- cording to the model obtained using the central composite design (section 3.2). Production of the deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003 using the optimal (pH 12 at 60 °C for 3 h) and moderate (pH 10.5 at 50 °C for 2 h) conditions resulted in protein yields of 20.6 ± 5.6 and 15.4 ± 3.1%, respectively. These results are in the prediction ranges of the model obtained using the central composite design (section 3.2). 3.4. E ffect of protein extraction on the emulsion stability, lipid extraction, and size distribution of the lipid droplets Wet lipid extraction of microalgal biomass is a promising strategy because it abolishes the need for complex and costly steps of biomass dewatering and drying ( Dong et al., 2016 ). The biomass dehydration and lipid extraction require high energy inputs and contributed nearly 21 to 30% and 39 to 57% of the total energy requirement of a micro- algae biofuels production system, respectively ( Dasan et al., 2019 ). However, the emulsion produced during the wet lipid extraction may cause losses of product or solvent ( Dong et al., 2016 ). Indeed, it has been suggested that microalgal proteins play an important role in the formation and stability of such emulsions ( Law et al., 2018 ). Herein, the solvents ethyl acetate and hexane were used in the wet lipid extraction of the deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003 in order to provide a better comprehension of the e ffect the extraction of dispersible proteins in the biore fining of freshwater microalgae. The best sequence of biore fining of S. obliquus is certainly a primary extraction of proteins followed by the extraction of lipids and carbohydrates because the primary extraction of lipids followed by a secondary extraction of proteins results in protein losses higher than 30% ( Ansari et al., 2017 ). The use of deproteinized biomass of S. obliquus BR003 resulted in better results of emulsion and solvent release indexes in comparison to the control treatment ( Fig. 3 ). Interestingly, the biomass treated with the moderate condition of protein extraction (pH 10.5 at 50 °C for 2 h) presented the best results for the emulsion and solvent release indexes, and after one hour the emulsion was reduced to 46% of the initial volume ( Fig. 3 a). Conversely, the control biomass and the biomass submitted to the optimal condition of protein extraction (pH 12 at 60 °C for 3 h) remained as an emulsi fied mixture of approximately 74% ( Fig. 3 a). The higher emulsifying capacity of the biomass submitted to the optimal condition of protein extraction (pH 12 at 60 °C for 3 h) is possibly a result of the harsher extraction conditions. The combination of high temperature, high pH and long extraction time can trigger physical –chemical changes in proteins and lipids ( Damodaran and Parkin, 2017; Salimon et al., 2011 ). At such harsh conditions, the proteins can denature, or even degrade, exposing non- polar amino acids, such as leucine and alanine which are abundant in S. obliquus proteins ( Becker, 2007; Damodaran and Parkin, 2017 ). The non-polar amino acids could increase the emulsifying behavior of non- extracted proteins and peptides. In addition, the alkaline hydrolysis of lipids might occur during the protein extraction producing glycerol and free fatty acids ( Salimon et al., 2011 ). The free fatty acids have a non- polar carbonic chain and an ionizable carboxilic acid headgroup ( –COOH) which could increase the emulsifying capacity of the depro- teinized biomass ( Kent, 2007 ). Fig. 3. Emulsion stability kinetics and lipid yield of control and deproteinized biomasses of S. obliquus BR003. The deproteinized biomasses of S. obliquus BR003 were produced using optimal (pH 12 at 60 °C for 3 h) and moderate (pH 10.5 at 50 °C for 2 h) conditions of protein extraction. a) Emulsion index ki- netic. b) Solvent release index kinetic. c) Lipid yield. M.L. Amorim, et al. Download 1.87 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling