Factors affecting location decisions in international operations – a Delphi study
participated in the pilot. The sample size of the pilot study may appear small
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MacCarthyAtthirawongDELPHIInt.Manuf.IJOPM2003rg
participated in the pilot. The sample size of the pilot study may appear small but the process needed a significant period of time to discuss the questionnaire with each respondent. In the event the pilot study respondents made valuable contributions to the development and improvement of the questionnaire. The pilot enabled ambiguities to be highlighted and some sub-factors to be grouped, rearranged or removed. Thirteen major factors and 70 sub-factors were identified for consideration in the first round of the Delphi study. 798 Questionnaire The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The specific issues addressed in Part A of the questionnaire were: . the motivations of firms that seek to manufacture internationally; . the key steps in the international location decision process; . the most difficult problem in making an international location decision and the ways to overcome the problem. The questions in Part A were open-ended and allowed participants to provide and express their opinions or add information freely and independently. Part B of the questionnaire focused on the relative importance for international location decisions generally of the major factors and their sub-factors. In Part B the importance of major factors affecting international location decisions was measured using a seven-point Likert scale. The Delphi panel and the Delphi process The focus in this study was to elicit knowledge and opinion from individuals with a broad cross-sectoral perspective on manufacturing location decisions. The panel was therefore designed to have representatives from academia, government and consultancies worldwide. Industrialists were not involved in this study but did take part in a further, related survey and in case studies (Atthirawong, 2002). The criteria used in identifying likely panel members were knowledge of, and interest in, international operations/international business and the ability to take a broad cross-sectoral view of the issues involved in international location decisions. A total of 38 persons across the world were invited to participate in the first round of the Delphi study. The study was conducted in strict confidence throughout and anonymity was guaranteed to respondents. When compared to some Delphi studies (such as Benson et al., 1982 and Klassen and Whybark, 1994), the sample size in this study may be considered small. However, the focus in this study is on eliciting qualitative information from an expert panel. Delphi studies must not be confused with conventional statistical sampling and inferences techniques. The panellists were chosen based on their experience and knowledge regarding the topic being investigated rather than being randomly surveyed. In this context, it was felt that the panel was sufficiently knowledgeable and representative to provide a solid base for further study. The first round of the questionnaire was mailed to the panellists in late October 2000. A reminder letter was sent via e-mail to all experts who had not replied, between November and December 2000. A total of 20 panellists agreed to participate in the first round of the survey, giving a response rate of 51.3 per cent. The first round responses were collated and analysed and an interim report was sent back to the first round participants in July 799 2001 in order to get feedback and comments. The interim findings were presented mainly in graphical and tabular form. Each respondent was invited to make comments on any aspect of the interim findings, to record their agreement or disagreement, to suggest revisions, clarifications or to add further information. A reminder letter was sent to all panellists who had not replied, between September to November 2001. A total of 17 panellists replied to the second round, yielding a response rate of 85 per cent for the second round. The largest group of panellists (70.6 per cent) were academics that were active in research in international business and international operations, followed by consultants (17.6 per cent) and government officers (11.8 per cent), with expertise in the area. The panellists were based in Western Europe i.e. the UK, The Netherlands, Denmark and Italy (47.1 per cent), the USA (29.4 per cent), Asia i.e. Hong Kong, Japan and Thailand (17.6 per cent) and Middle-East i.e. United Arab Emirates (5.9 per cent). The responses from the second round demonstrated strong agreement on the broad findings but added significantly to the detailed findings and interpretation. Most feedback was concerned with the priorities of the factors or the order of issues in particular contexts from the first round. A number of specific items and comments, as well as additional factors relevant to particular contexts were added by the panel members. Overall, it was felt that a third round of the study would not add to the understanding provided by the first two rounds and thus the study was concluded. The results of the study based on the two rounds are presented below. The results Download 0.71 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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