Faculty of filology department of foreign languages and literature course work

1.2. PROBLEMS OF THE ARAL SEA
One of the biggest worldwide natural fiascos within the later history which is being experienced by nations and the populace of 62 million individuals in Central Asia, is the catastrophe of the Aral Ocean that in its natural, climatic, socio-economic and helpful results postures coordinate risk to the region's economical improvement, wellbeing, quality pool and future of the individuals dwelling in it.
The Aral Ocean, which was once a interesting, wonderful and one of the largest closed water supplies within the world, is for all intents and purposes on the skirt of total vanishing and turned into an exceptional fiasco and unsalvageable harm to the life of the populace living there, the environment and biodiversity of the Aral Ocean.
Until 1960 the Aral Ocean had an region of 68.9 thousand km² with the volume of water 1083 cubic km, its length expanded to 426 km, width - 284 km, the most prominent profundity was 68 m.
The Aral Ocean range was a locale with a wide assortment of greenery and fauna, 38 species of angle and a number of uncommon species of creatures possessed the Aral Ocean bowls, the number of saigas come to 1 million heads, the floristic composition comprised 638 species of higher plants.
In expansion, the Aral Sea played an vital part within the advancement of the region's economy, its generation divisions, in guaranteeing business of the populace, and within the arrangement of a steady social framework. Within the past, the ocean was among the wealthiest of fishing grounds within the world:
the yearly capture of angle within the reservoirs of the Aral Ocean was 30-35 thousand tons. More than 80% of the occupants of the Aral Ocean coast were locked in within the generation, handling and transportation of angle and angle items. Prolific lands of the delta of the Amudarya and Syrdarya waterways, as well as exceedingly profitable pastures given work for more than 100 thousand individuals within the circle of animals, poultry cultivating, developing of agrarian crops.
The ocean moreover served as a climate-adjusting supply and moderated the sharp climate vacillations all through the locale, which had a favorable effect on the living conditions of the populace, rural generation and the environmental situation. The discuss masses attacking the locale amid the winter period warmed up, and within the summer were cooled over the water region of the Aral Ocean.
Within the 1960s the issues of the Aral Ocean emerged and took on alarming proportions as a result of thoughtless regulation of the major transboundary waterways of the locale - the Syrdarya and the Amudarya, which provided the Aral Ocean within the past with 56 cubic km of water yearly. The critical growth of the populace living in this range, the scale of urbanization and seriously advancement of lands, the development of huge hydrotechnical and water system offices on the waterways of the Aral Sea bowl in the past, without taking into account the natural results, made the conditions for desiccation of one of the foremost excellent stores on the planet.
A coordinate result of the drying up of the ocean was sensational climate alter, felt not as it were in Central Asia, but moreover in other districts. The Aral Ocean emergency zone specifically covers the regions of Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, as well as by implication - Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
On the uncovered portion of the Aral Ocean a unused salt forsake with an region of 5.5 million hectares appeared. Over 90 days a year, clean storms seethe over it, spreading over 100 million tons of clean and noxious salts into the climate for thousands of kilometers each year.
The debilitating affect of the Aral catastrophe is watched all over the world nowadays. Concurring to worldwide specialists, noxious salts from the Aral locale are found on the coast of Antarctica, on the glaciers of Greenland, in the woodlands of Norway and numerous other parts of the globe.
To the incredible lament, nowadays it got to be self-evident that the restoration of the Aral Ocean to its full condition is as of now inconceivable.
The foremost important task of the present time is to diminish the dangerous affect of the Aral Ocean emergency on the environment and jobs of millions of individuals living within the Aral Ocean range.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, all nations encountering the destroying results of the Aral catastrophe, from the platform of the Joined together Countries and other worldwide and territorial organizations, have been continually drawing the consideration of the world community to the Aral issue and its near relationship with territorial and worldwide security issues. At the 48th session of the UN Common Get together on September 28, 1993 and at its 50th session on October 24, 1995, agents of the nations of the Central Asian locale requested to the world community to assist spare the Aral Ocean, drawing the consideration of the Joined together Countries to the fact that without bolster and help of universal money related teach and created nations and without the driving role of the UN it is incomprehensible to solve this issue.
Amid the Joined together Countries Economical Advancement Summit in September 2015, in Modern York, the Government of Uzbekistan initiated the foundation of a uncommon Believe Finance for the Aral Ocean and the Aral Sea zone beneath the sponsorship of the United Countries, its main assignment will be to arrange endeavors and actualize focused on programs and ventures in the taking after key regions:
- assurance of wellbeing and the conservation of the quality pool of the populace, the development of an productive framework of motivations for socio-economic improvement of the range adjoining to Aral, and to make the vital not too bad life conditions for the individuals living in this locale;
- conservation of the biological adjust of the Aral Ocean locale, selection of steady measures to combat desertification and actualize the levelheaded water use;
- rebuilding of biodiversity of creature and plant life, the conservation of unique flora and fauna, which is currently on the skirt of termination;
- the utilize of constrained water resources within the locale, particularly the transboundary conduits - the Amudarya and the Syrdarya, within the interface of all countries within the locale and in strict agreement with the norms of international law.
In arrange to actualize this initiative, along with the UN the programme “Building the flexibility of communities affected by the Aral Ocean fiasco through the Multi-partner Human Security Finance for the Aral Sea” has been created. An official dispatch of this program was held in Tashkent, on February 10, 2017.
Colossal endeavors are moreover directed to the commonsense arrangement of these assignments at the territorial level. A point of interest occasion in this regard was the creation in January 1993 of the Worldwide Finance for Sparing the Aral Ocean (IFAS), the authors of which were Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
In arrange to avoid the negative results of the Aral issue, inside the system of IFAS three programs have been actualized to help the countries of the Aral Ocean basin (ASBM-1, ASBP-2, ASBM-3).
At the national level, Uzbekistan is undertaking extraordinary endeavors to combat the negative results of the drying up of the Aral Ocean on the environment and human wellbeing.
On Eminent 29, 2015 the Cabinet of Priests of the Republic of Uzbekistan received the Determination "The comprehensive programme for relief of results of Aral catastrophe, rehabilitation and social-economic development in the Aral Sea coastal zone for 2015-2018" that's envisaged to implement projects worth of $3.9 billion in five fundamental directions:
the temperate and sound utilize of water assets and upgrade of the administration system, creation of conditions for propagation and preserving the gene pool and wellbeing of the populace dwelling in zones of natural hazard, advancement of the essential financial components and the mechanisms for increment in level and quality of life of the populace of Priaralya, assurance and conservation of vegetation and fauna, reclamation of environments and biodiversity.
On January 18, 2017 the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan moreover endorsed the State program on advancement of the locale Priaralya for 2017 - 2021 pointed at progressing the conditions and quality of life of the populace of the locale, giving for the execution of ventures worth 8.422 trillion entirety.
The program includes measures to make new employments, increment the investment attractiveness of the locale, create water supply, sewage frameworks, sanitation and reusing family squander, move forward public health, housing conditions, progress the territories, create children's and sports play grounds, create transport, engineering and communication framework of settlements, improve of heat supply frameworks in Nukus and Urgench.
However, taking into consideration the planetary nature of the Aral catastrophe, it is necessary to expand joint actions in conjunction with the world community in this heading by implementing profoundly thought-out, targeted and well-funded ventures. Position of Uzbekistan on the utilize of water resources of transboundary streams in Central Asia
The Republic of Uzbekistan accepts that the issue of the utilize of water resources in Central Asia ought to be considered in understanding with the all around recognized standards of universal law that guarantee the levelheaded and evenhanded dispersion of water resources and guarantee that the interface of all nations of the locale are taken into consideration.
Given the reality that Uzbekistan as of now, like other Central Asian nations found within the lower comes to of transboundary streams, endures a genuine water shortage, the position of the Government of Uzbekistan on the utilize of transboundary water assets in Central Asia is as takes after:

- the utilize of water assets of transboundar1y streams in Central Asia should be solved taking under consideration the interface of more than 60 million individuals dwelling in all countries of the locale;

- any activities carried out on transboundary rivers ought to not have a negative affect on the existing ecological and water adjust of the region;
- the current universal lawful system in the circle of water utilize and biology ought to become the premise for building an effective system for joint use of the assets of the transboundary streams in Central Asia;
- the implementation of ventures ought to be carried out on the premise of a helpful approach as well as a compromise that does not infringe upon the interface of other interested nations and ensures two essential conditions:
anticipation of the lowering of the water-balance level concurred upon by the parties for downstream nations; anticipation of the infringement of the environmental adjust of the region.
In arrange to strengthen common understanding and believe among all the countries of Central Asia and to set up openness and transparency in relations, the Government of Uzbekistan considers it vital to require joint endeavors to discover commonly satisfactory and commonly useful arrangements for settling the levelheaded and reasonable utilize of water resources in Central Asia.
To date, there's no other alternative to tending to the issue of distribution of transboundary water assets in the locale, but for achieving a regional understanding by adopting lawful rebellious that promote constructive and civilized discourse.
The Government of Uzbekistan is ready to coordinate with the Central Asian nations on the premise of these approaches within the soul of good-neighbourly relations and friendship.