Ilimiy is tiykarlari

Introducing concepts

If we introduce technical concepts in the text, we can highlight them with double quotes or capitals. We should avoid italics for this purpose – italics are reserved for linguistic examples.

Quotation marks or capital letters should only be used when we introduce concepts for the first time.

When Hamlet said words, words, words, he used three “tokens” but only one “type”.

When Hamlet said words, words, words, he used three TOKENS but only one TYPE.

When introducing an abbreviation, we should provide the full-length description followed by the abbreviated form in parentheses.

If we are introducing a database or corpus, we should provide its full name in italics with the abbreviation in parentheses. We should always introduce abbreviations at first mention and then use the abbreviation in all subsequent cases.

Kachru’s (1985) model is often used in World Englishes (WEs) research.

The data for this study is taken from the British National Corpus (BNC).