Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
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and NESTOR: Venona New York KGB 1944, 758; Venona Special Studies, 51. KRON [CHROME-YELLOW and Chrome PIGMENT] (cover name in Venona): Abraham Brothman. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Brothman. Venona
“Kron” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Chrome-Yellow”. Kropachev, ?: Soviet intelligence officer, Moscow Center, 1941. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 171. Kropotov, ?: KGB officer, Berlin station early 1930s. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 123. KROT [MOLE] (cover name in Venona): Charles Kramer. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Kramer. Venona Washington KGB, 36, 45, 49, 55, 59–60; Venona Special Studies, 39, 125. “Krot” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Mole”. Krotkova, Christina: Soviet intelligence officer/agent. Cover names in Venona: OLA and JEANNE [ZHANNA]. As Krotkova: Venona New York KGB 1944, 54, 140 (spelled as Kratkova), 403 (spelled as Kratkova), 543; Venona New York KGB 1945, 54, 99; Venona Special Studies, 27, 53. As OLA: Venona New York KGB 1944, 44, 53–54, 93, 140, 277, 402–3, 542–43; Venona New York KGB 1945, 99; Venona San Francisco KGB, 78, 82, 98; Venona Special Studies, 27, 53, 165–66, 168. As JEANNE [ZHANNA]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 277, 542–43; Venona New York KGB 1945, 53–54, 99; Venona Special Studies, 27, 53, 176. Krotov, Boris Mikhailovich: Soviet intelligence officer in the U.S., 1947–1950. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Bob”. Cover name in Venona: BOB. As Krotov: Vassiliev Black
54, 57, 69–70, 72, 74, 129–31; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 82; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 27, 32–33, 69; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 42, 101; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 25, 42, 45,
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——————————— 81. Walter G. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service; an Exposé of Russia’s Secret Policies by the Former Chief of the Soviet Intelligence in Western Europe (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1939). See also Gary Kern, A Death in Washington: Walter G. Krivitsky and the Stalin Terror (New York: Enigma Books, 2003).
47–51, 108–9; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 87–88. As BOB: Venona London KGB, 8–11, 18– 21, 23, 33–34, 39; Venona London GRU, 284. KRUG [CIRCLE] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence agent in SGPC. Venona
676–77; Venona Special Studies, 39. Krug, Julius Albert: Chairman of the U.S. War Production Board. Venona Washington KGB, 21–22. Krug (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Circle”. Kruglov, Sergey N: Soviet Minister of Internal Affairs, 1953. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 56. Krupp: Reference to the German munitions and armaments firm Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 141. Krupp, ?: Reference to either Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach or his father, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, leading figures of the German munitions and armaments firm Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp in the 1930s. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 47; Venona New York KGB 1943, 348. Krutikov, ?: Soviet official. Possibly Allksej D. Krutikov. Venona USA Naval GRU, 284. Krutikov, Allksej D.: Deputy People’s Commissar for Foreign Trade. Venona New York KGB 1944, 185, 240–41, 343; Venona USA Trade, 6, 19. Krylenko, Eliena Vassilyenva: Wife of Max Eastman. Vassiliev Odd Pages, 1. Krylenko, Nikolay: Prominent Soviet prosecutor in the Great Terror, later arrested and executed. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 88. “Krysha” (tradecraft term): See “Roof”. “Kryshka” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Lid”. KRYSY [RATS] and KRYSA [RAT] (cover name in Venona): Venona analysts designated this cover name as meaning “possibly Jews”. In Alexander Vassiliev’s notebooks it more specifically referred to Zionists but the KGB applied the term broadly to Jewish ethnic organizations and their adherents that were not under Communist leadership. Venona New York KGB 1943, 5;
“Krysy” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Rats”. Kryuchkov, Vladimir Alexandrovich: Chief of the KGB, 1988–1991. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 67. Krzycki, Leo: Pro-Soviet Polish-American labor leaders. Venona New York KGB 1944, 169, 485. KSA: Unidentified organization. Venona New York KGB 1944, 474. “Kuban”: Soviet ship. Venona San Francisco KGB, 98, 109, 261; Venona USA Naval GRU, 216. Kucherin, Kirill Emel'yanovich: Soviet ship internal security source. Cover name in Venona: STANEV.
Kuchin, ?: Name in the Whalen documents, 1930. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 74. Kuchinsky: See Kuczynski. Kuczynski, Jurgen (Jürgen): Soviet intelligence source/agent. Refugee German Communist in Great Britain. Academic economist, employed by the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey. Brother of Ursula Kuczynski. Spelling variant: Urgen Kuchinsky. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Karo”. As Kuczyski: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 58; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 67, 78– 79, 86–87. As “Karo”: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 67, 77–78, 87. Kuczynski, Ursula: Soviet intelligence source/agent. German Communist in Great Britain. Sister of Jurgen Kuczynski. Married name: Ursula Beurton. Also know as Ruth Werner. Partially disclosed her activities in an autobiography. 82 Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Sonya”. Cover name in Venona: SONYA [SONIA]. As Kuczynski: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 81. As Beurton: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 86; Venona London GRU, 235 (spelled as Buerton).
——————————— 82. Ruth Werner [Ursula Kuczynski], Sonya’s Report (London: Chatto & Windus (Random Century Group), 1991). As “Sonya”: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 86–89. As SONYA [SONIA]: Venona London GRU, 234–355 . Kuczynsky: See Kuczynski. Kudlaj, ?: Staffer of the SGPC. Venona San Francisco KGB, 140. Kudryavtsev, Sergej: First Secretary of USSR embassy, Ottawa. Cover name in Venona: LION [LYONS and LEON]. As Kudryavtsev: Venona USA GRU, 47, 172; Venona Ottawa GRU, 6. As LION [LYONS and LEON]: Venona USA GRU, 46–47, 172; Venona Ottawa GRU, 5–6. Kuechler, Georg von: German field marshal. Venona New York KGB 1945, 156. Kuhn, Fritz: Chief of the German-American Bund. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 84, 90; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 99–101. Kuhn, Loeb, & Co.: Major American international banking firm. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 12, 98. KUK [COOK] (cover name in Venona): An entry in a Venona study of cover names. This is a reference to KUK on Venona New York KGB 1943, 141–42, likely written at a time when the message was only partly decrypted and not yet clear that KUK was an acronym for Komitet Ukraintsev Kanady rather than a cover name. Venona Special Studies, 39. KUK: Komitet Ukraintsev Kanady – Ukrainian Canadian Committee. Venona New York KGB 1943, 141–42.
Kukin, Elena Nikitichna: Wife of KGB officer Konstantin Kukin. Venona New York KGB 1943, 199. Kukin, Konstantin Mikhailovich: Soviet intelligence officer. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Igor”. Cover name in Venona: IGOR. As Kukin: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 71–73, 168–69;
As “Igor” in the United States (likely but not certain): Vassiliev Black Notebook, 100–101, 148, 152, 157, 161, 174; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 129, 142, 146; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 54, 84–85, 87–88, 91; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 122. As IGOR: Venona New York KGB 1943, 181–82, 199; Venona Special Studies, 30. Ku-Klux-Klan: American White supremacist and anti-Semitic organization. Venona New York KGB 1943, 223. “Kulak” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Thomas Dewey, crica 1944. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 115. KULAK [FIST] (cover name in Venona): Thomas Dewey. Venona New York KGB 1944, 99–100, 125, 216, 312, 332–33, 564–65; Venona Special Studies, 39. Kulakov, ?: Chief cipher officer at the Soviet embassy in Washington. Either Vasilij Vasil'evich Kulakov or Petr K. Kulakov, both of whom served as clerks in the Soviet Embassy in Washington. Venona USA Diplomatic, 39–42, 50, 52–53. Kul'bitskij, ?: Soviet ship internal security source. Cover name in Venona: KARPOV. As Kul'bitskij and KARPOV: Venona San Francisco KGB, 109; Venona Special Studies, 103. Kulchinsky, ?: Name in the Whalen documents, 1930. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 74. Kulibina-Izmajlova, ?: Venona analysts thought this a reference to Nathalie Kubilina Ismailoff, a typist on the magazine "Amerika". Venona New York KGB 1943, 138–39. Kulichenko, ?: Soviet ship crewman. Venona San Francisco KGB, 192. Kulikowski and Kulikowsky, ?: Polish-American figure. Venona New York KGB 1944, 167, 169. Kulsky, ?: Described as legal counsel of the Polish government in London. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 61. KUM [GODFATHER] (cover name in Venona): Appears in a grammatically ambiguous sentence and considered but rejected by Venona analysts as a translation in favor of KUMA. Venona New York KGB 1943, 316. “Kum” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Godfather”. KUMA [GODMOTHER] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent.
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Kunoly, ?: Described as Czechoslovak envoy to Argentina, 1948. Vassiliev Odd Pages, 10. KUOMINTANG: Nationalist Chinese political party. Venona New York KGB 1944, 768. KUPETS (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Venona Special Studies, 39. Kurekhin, ?: Naval GRU official in Moscow. Venona USA Naval GRU, 376. “Kur'er” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Courier”. Kuritsina, Irina P.: Russian student in the U.S. with unclear KGB connection. Venona New York KGB 1943, 145–46. Kurnakov, Nikolaj Sergeevich: Error for Sergey Nikolaevich Kurnakov (confusion of the name of the son for the name of the father). Venona New York KGB 1944, 701. Kurnakov, Nikolay Sergeevich: Son of Sergey Kurnakov. Cover name in Venona: ELISHA [ELISEJ]. As Kurnakov: Venona Special Studies, 26. As ELISHA [ELISEJ] Venona New York KGB 1944, 640; Venona Special Studies, 26. Kurnakov, Sergey Nikolaevich: Soviet intelligence agent. Former Tsarist cavalry officer who had immigrated to the U.S. and become a journalist and Communist. Cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Cavalryman” prior to September 1944, then “Beck”. Cover names in Venona: CAVALRYMAN [KAVALERIST] and BECK [BEK]. As Kurnakov: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 51; Venona New York KGB 1943, 134, 140, 148, 182, 257; Venona New York KGB 1944, 55, 123, 138, 336, 404, 456, 462, 494, 545, 569, 573, 575, 637, 639, 641, 695, 701; Venona New York KGB 1945, 16, 56, 104 ; Venona Special Studies, 11, 32. As “Cavalryman”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 189; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 8, 55, 149; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 9. As “Beck”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 133; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 55; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 15–17, 19, 22–23. As CAVALRYMAN [KAVALERIST]: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 51; Venona New York KGB 1943, 133–34, 140, 147–48, 182, 257; Venona New York KGB 1944, 54–55, 123, 137–38, 335–36, 404, 456, 462; Venona Special Studies, 11, 32, 166, 174. As BECK [BEK]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 462, 493–95, 544–45, 569, 572–75, 636–41, 694–95, 700–701; Venona New York KGB 1945, 16, 55–56, 104; Venona Special
KURNEVSKIJ (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence agent, SGPC. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 8–9, 74; Venona Special Studies, 39. “Kurort” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Spa”. (There is one reference to “kurort” as a term for prison, but that appears to have been ironic slang and not a cover name. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 3). KURORT [SPA] (cover name in Venona): U.S. Army Military Intelligence. Venona New York KGB
Kurskij, ?: Soviet naval officer. Venona USA Naval GRU, 232. Kursky, Ivan Ivanovich: Second husband of Varvara Hammer. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 101, 104, 109, 112. “Kurt” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer, 1938. Vassiliev
KURT (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, earlier PLUCKY [SMELYJ]. Venona New York KGB 1944, 542–43; Venona Special Studies, 39, 68. Kurtz, ?: Described as an American Army general in Germany, 1948. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 32. Kurtz, A.T.: Described as an FBI agent, 1942. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 156. Kusevitsky, Sergey: Conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 16. Kutrzeba: Likely Stanisław Marian Kutrzeba, Polish intellectual, active in the Polish underground in World War II and joined the pro-Soviet provisional government. Venona Washington KGB, 7. Kuyumzhitsky, Angelo: Bulgarian OSS contact in Turkey. Described as a leader of “Link”. Vassiliev
Kuzbas: Soviet industrial colony in Siberia in the 1920s staffed by radical Americans and other foreign volunteers. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 143, 145, 148.
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Kuziv, ?: Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1943, 76. Kuzlyakin, Petr Fedorovich: Soviet ship crewman. Venona San Francisco KGB, 217, 230–31. “Kuz'ma Minin”: Soviet ship. Venona San Francisco KGB, 283. Kuznetsov, Admiral N. G.: People's Commissar of the Navy. Venona USA Naval GRU, 22, 244, 263, 380. Kuznetsov, F.: Soviet intelligence officer, Moscow Center, 1948. Vassiliev Odd Pages, 20. Kuznetsova, Elizaveta Mitrofanovna: Soviet ship crewman. Venona San Francisco KGB, 51, 60, 75, 77, 121, 219–20, 246, 274. Kuzntsov, Major General ?: Senior officer of the internal arm of the KGB. Venona USA Diplomatic, 74. KVANT [QUANTUM] (cover name in Venona): Boris Podolsky. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified by information in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Podolsky. Vassiliev’s notebooks state that Podolsky “approached the [Soviet] embassy with a proposal to go to the Soviet Union to work on the problem of Uranium-235,” a description that matches the description of “Quantum’s” proposals to Soviet intelligence officers posing as diplomats. KVANT [QUANTUM] appeared in the Venona decryptions as an unidentified Soviet intelligence source who in mid-1943 provided information on uranium separation Venona New York KGB 1943, 154, 167, 169, 319– 20; Venona Special Studies, 35. “Kvant” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Quantum”. Kvashnin, Ivan: Soviet sailor. Venona San Francisco KGB, 98. Kvasnikov, Leonid Romanovich: Soviet intelligence officer. Engineer at Amtorg. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Anton”. Cover name in Venona: ANTON. As Kvasnikov: Vassiliev
63, 65–66, 77, 80, 88, 95; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 70; Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 15, 75; Venona New York KGB 1943, 90, 257, 354, 358, 360, 367; Venona New York KGB 1944, 10, 12, 14, 18, 30, 40, 66, 68, 107, 209, 235, 290, 353, 444, 473, 503, 521, 594, 598, 614, 621, 627–28, 632, 643, 646–47, 675, 702, 704, 729, 745; Venona New York KGB 1945, 14, 16, 25, 52, 60, 65, 69, 84, 95, 105–6, 113, 129, 131, 134, 136, 138, 147, 161, 181, 188, 191, 199, 204, 208; Venona San Francisco KGB, 117, 239; Venona Special Studies, 6, 93. As “Anton”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 110–11, 113–15, 119, 122–24, 132, 135, 184; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 77, 108–9, 116–19, 152; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 7, 11, 15–16, 18, 23, 25–28, 30, 33, 39–40, 69, 71–72, 74–75. As ANTON: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 15, 74–75; Venona New York
30, 65–68, 83, 106–7, 111–12, 200, 209, 234–35, 289–90, 308, 352–53, 443, 458, 472–73, 502– 3, 519–21, 594–95, 597–98, 613–14, 621, 627–28, 632, 634, 643, 645–47, 674–75, 689, 692, 694, 696–97, 702, 704, 720, 727, 729, 737–38, 742–47, 754, 756, 763–65; Venona New York KGB 1945, 11, 14, 16, 24–25, 33, 51–52, 60, 64–65, 68–69, 84, 95, 105–6, 112–13, 129–31, 133–36, 138, 146–47, 160–61, 180–81, 188, 190–91, 199, 204, 208; Venona San Francisco KGB, 117, 239; Venona Special Studies, 6–8, 34, 93, 137, 141, 144, 153–54. Kvazhishevskij, ?: A Polish figure. Venona analysts thought this a garbled reference to Michal Kwapiszewski. Venona New York KGB 1944, 364. K-VE: Unclear abbreviation. Venona analysts thought “Collective” and “Consulate” were among the possibilities. Venona USA Naval GRU, 120. “Kvid” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Quid” 83 .
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——————————— 83. “Quid” [“Kvid”] is Engelbert Broda. In books based on documents from KGB archives authors West and Tsarev and Andrew and Mitrokhin describe an unidentified Soviet source that appears to be identical with Broda in Vassiliev’s notebooks and who was designated by the cover name “K”. “K” may be an initial for “Kvid”. West and Tsarev, Crown Jewels, 231–33, 236; Andrew and Mitrokhin, Sword and the Shield, 114–15.
KVZHD: Kitaysko-Vostochnaya zheleznaya doroga – Chinese Eastern Railway. Venona USA Diplomatic, 71. Kwapinski, Jan: Polish Socialist and member of the Polish government-in-exile. Venona New York KGB 1943, 88–89. Kwapiszewski, Michal: Polish government-in-exile ambassador to the United States. Venona New York KGB 1943, 139; Venona New York KGB 1944, 364. Kwiecin (or Kwieszeń), ?: Associated with Polish matters. Venona USA Diplomatic, 59. “L” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence agent in Mexico in 1950.
L. (cover name in Venona): Cipher clerk. Personal code used by MAJ/Apresyan. Venona New York KGB 1944, 193. L [ĒLL] (cover name in Venona): Alfred Slack. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Slack. Venona New York KGB 1944, 542; Venona Special Studies, 175. L.: Initial of an unidentified target of recruitment. “Madchen”/Burgess said “We could follow the same procedure with him [Michael Straight] as we intend to follow with L.” Vassiliev White Notebook
L.: Initial of someone described as a friend of Herbert Lehman in 1932 and a supporter of diplomatic recognition of the USSR. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 17–19. L.: Initial in Vassiliev Black Notebook, 80. L. for liquidation, and in this context liquidation meant killing defectors and traitors. L-3 (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1945, 74–75; Venona Special Studies, 39. La Follette, Robert, Sr: Progressive leader of the early 20th century. U.S. senator from Wisconsin (Republican). Progressive Party candidate for president in 1924. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 130; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 49, 57. La Guardia, Fiorello: Mayor of New York City. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 40; Venona Washington
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