Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
Download 5.28 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- How to Use this Index Alexander Vassiliev’s notebooks
- Points to Keep in Mind when Using this Index Cover names are often changed.
- Two separate but overlapping set of documentation.
|
Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project [Revised 11/1/2014]
This index and concordance indexes twenty-one volumes of KGB archival material: nine notebooks written by Alexander Vassiliev and twelve compilations of the Soviet international telegraphic cables deciphered by the U.S. National Security Agency’s Venona project. Indexed are proper names, cover names, and organizational titles along with some geographic entities, events, diplomatic conferences, and subjects. When known, cover names are cross-indexed with the real name behind the cover name. Brief biographical or explanatory information is provided for significant figures, tradecraft terminology is defined, and obscure abbreviations expanded. How to Use this Index Alexander Vassiliev’s notebooks : This index/concordance indexes the English translations of Alexander Vassiliev’s nine notebooks. The notebooks are entitled:
These notebooks are paginated, and an index entry referenced the page of the cited volume. Page number are in the upper right hand corner of each page. For example, the entry for the cover name “Achilles” is as follows: ************************************************************************************ “Achilles” [“Akhill”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Karl Dunts. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 27, 100; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 99, 106. ************************************************************************************ “Achilles” is the cover name as it appears in the English translation of Vassiliev’s notebooks. In this case, “Achilles” appears on pages 27 and 100 of Vassiliev Black Notebook and pages 99 and 106 of Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1. Cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks are usually within quotation marks and are usually in title case with the first letter capitalized. (The Venona project followed a different convention.)
“Achilles.” “Akhill” does not appear in the translated Vassiliev notebooks in the Latin alphabet but does appear in Cyrillic Russian in the transcribed and original handwritten versions of Vassiliev’s notebooks. Since the pagination of all three versions is the same, the page citation to the English translation is also accurate for the two Cyrillic Russian versions. “Akhill” is in the Latin alphabet with the transliteration from Cyrillic done using the BGN/PCGN transliteration system.
Karl Dunts is the real name behind the “Achilles” cover name. In many cases, however, the real identify of the cover named person is not known. In those cases, the entry indicates that the cover name is unidentified but may cite something about that person’s attributes if those are given in the text of Vassiliev’s notebooks.
When the real name behind a cover name is known, there is also an index entry for the real name. In the of “Achilles”/Dunts, the entry reads: ************************************************************************************ Dunts, Karl Adamovich: Soviet intelligence officer. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Achilles”. As Dunts: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 99. As “Achilles”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 27, 100; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 99, 106. ************************************************************************************ As Dunts: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 99 indicates that he appears under his real name on page 99 of Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1.
indicates where he appears under his cover name. The Venona Decryptions : To facilitate access and indexing, the more than 3,000 cables are compiled into forty-five volumes according to what Soviet agency was involved and the location of the field station that send or received the cables. Only the cables between Moscow and its American stations (which includes most of the cables decoded) are completely indexed. These Moscow-USA cables are compiled into twelve volumes: Venona New York KGB 1941-42 Venona New York KGB 1943 Venona New York KGB 1944 Venona New York KGB 1945 Venona Washington KGB Venona San Francisco KGB Venona USA GRU Venona USA Naval GRU Venona USA Diplomatic Venona USA Trade Venona New York/Buenos Aires Secret Writings Venona Special Studies.
However, Americans and some other significant figures who appear in these Moscow-USA volumes are also indexed to where they appear in non-USA traffic. There are citations to four non-U.S. volumes: Venona Mexico City KGB, Venona Ottawa GRU, Venona London KGB, and Venona London GRU.
These volumes are paginated, and an index entry references the page of the cited volume. Page number are in the upper right hand corner of each page. For example, the entry for the cover name ACORN is as follows: ************************************************************************************
2
ACORN [ZHOLUD'] (cover name in Venona): Bela (William) Gold. Venona New York KGB 1945 8–9, 16; Venona Special Studies, 27. ************************************************************************************
ACORN appears on page 8, 9, and 16 of the compiled volumes of decoded cables entitled Venona New
placing cover names in all capital letters without quotation marks. [ZHOLUD'] is the Russian original of the translated ACORN. The deciphered cables often contain both the original Russian in transliterated form and the translation into English. Many cables, however have only the translation or the transliteration. Consequently both forms are indexed. In this case there is a separate index entry of ZHOLUD' as well as for ACORN. While Vassiliev’s notebooks were transliterated with a single transliteration system (BGN/PCGN), the cables of the Venona project were decrypted and translated over a more than thirty year period by many different cryptanalysts and translators. Several different transliteration systems were used and there is significant inconsistency in how Russian names and terms are rendered into the Latin alphabet. In order to simplify the indexing task, all transliterated cover names appear in the index in all capital letters (following the Venona convention for the English translation) no matter how it actually appears in the decryption (ZHOLUD', for examples, appears as ZhOULD'). The transcribed decryptions, however, reproduce exactly the format of the original Venona project decryption.
however, the real identify of the cover named person is not known. In those cases, the entry indicates that the cover name is unidentified but may cite something about that person’s attributes if those are given in the text of the decrypted messages. As with Vassiliev’s notebooks, there is a separate entry for the real name that cites where the real name occurs and where the cover name (or names) of that person occurs. Points to Keep in Mind when Using this Index Cover names are often changed. Julius Rosenberg, for example, had three different cover names during his association with the KGB. Each cover name has its own entry with citations to the pages where it appears. The real name entry cites where the real name appears and repeats the cover name citations as well.
one time or another. When more than one person had the same cover name this index attempts to separate out the different “Smiths”. Usually this is without difficulty because the multiple uses are well separated by time or activity. Occasionally, however, it is difficult and in those cases the lack of certainty is indicated in the entry.
text of Vassiliev’s notebooks or the deciphered Venona messages simply provides the real name without ambiguity. Where the real name is not provided by the text, then the description of that person’s activity, where he or she worked, where they lived, or what trips they took at a particular time may make identification possible. In the case of the Venona decryptions, when the text did not provide a real name, most of the work of identification was done by the FBI whose field agents used the information about the activities of a cover name to pin down the real person behind it. Often, however, the information was
3
insufficient to establish identification. Consequently, more than half of the cover names in this index are unidentified. When evidence about a cover name suggests an identification but is not conclusive, the uncertainty is noted.
quoted extracts and summaries he made of KGB archival material on KGB activities in the United States from the early 1930s to the early 1950s with some scattered later material as well. The deciphered cables of the Venona project dated from 1941 to 1950 with the bulk in the period 1943 to 1945. Most are also about KGB activity in the United States although there are also decoded cables of other Soviet agencies as well. There is, consequently, a considerable overlap in the two sets of material for KGB activity in the United States in the 1940s. In a number of cases a passage in Vassiliev’s notebooks turns out to be the complete text of a Venona cable that was only partially decoded. Vassiliev’s notebooks and the Venona decryptions have identical real name identification for nearly two hundred cover names. Vassiliev’s notebooks provide the real names for more than sixty cover names that were unidentified in the Venona decryptions. The Venona decryptions provide the real names behind nearly thirty cover names that are unidentified in Vassiliev’s notebooks. Vassiliev’s notebooks correct misidentification of four cover names in the Venona decryptions. Partial decoding and partial names. In the case of the Venona decryptions while some messages were fully decoded, most had passages that were indecipherable and sometimes names were only partially spelled. These partial spellings are indexed with eclipses indicating the missing letters. In both the Venona cables and Vassiliev’s notebooks often only the surname of a person is given in the text. When originally written, this would have been perfectly understandable to those reading the message or document because they were aware of the identifies of the persons being discussed. And even today, often the context of the name allows one to attach a given name to a surname without difficulty. Still, however, there remain numerous surnames where the lack of information about the person prevents the attachment of a given name and leaves the person named only partially identified. A question mark, ?, indicates that a given name or, occasionally, a surname, is missing. The Index A: Abbreviation for Anglia, i.e. England. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 85. A Group (or Group “A”): Section of KGB in 1947. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 84. “A”: Harry Gold’s designation of “Charles”/Fuchs in a report. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 75. “A”: Initial for a cover name or a real name connected with KGB plans for use of the music company of Boris Morros and Alfred Stern. Likely “A” for Alfred Stern in as much as it is paired with “B” for Boris Morros. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 16–19. “A” (cover name in Venona): Likely Anna Colloms. Venona analysts were unsure if “A” was a cover name or an initial used as one. “A” was a courier, and the description of her activities matches those of Anna Colloms. 1 Venona Mexico City KGB, 53, 55, 57. “A. Serov”: Soviet ship. Venona USA Naval GRU, 19. “A. Sovorov”: Soviet ship. Venona USA Naval GRU, 125.
——————————— 1. “Comintern Apparatus Summary Report, Serial 3702, 15 December 1944,” FBI Comintern Apparatus File 100–203581; Colloms testimony, U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities, American Aspects of Assassination of Leon Trotsky. (Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1951).
"A" technique: Venona analysts thought this the the manufacture and provision of false papers. Venona New York KGB 1944, 355. “A/214” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): ? Marianov. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 10, 18, 23. A-26: American light bomber. Venona New York KGB 1944, 496. A’s committee: A for “Astrologer” – Atomic Energy Commission. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 72. AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Administration, U.S. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 1. AAC: Army Air Corps, U.S. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 99. AAF: Army Air Force, U.S. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77, 135. Aarons, L.A.: Described as Treasury Department representatives in London, 1944. Likely an error for Lehman C. Aarons, Treasury Department assistant general counsel. Vassiliev White Notebook
Abakumov, Viktor Semenovich: Senior KGB officer, associate of Beria. Head of the KGB (MGB) 1946–1951. Executed in 1954. Vassiliev’s Vassiliev Odd Pages, 20, 28; Vassiliev White
Abbiate, Roland: See Vladimir Pravdin. Abel, ?: Described as a former KGB foreign intelligence officer slated for infiltration of the German lines via the battle front, late 1941. Possibly this is KGB officer Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. The passage in Vassiliev’s notebook lists six former KGB officers as being prepared for infiltration of German lines in late 1941. In addition to Abel, another listed is ? Fisher. As explained in the Fisher entry, this may be Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher, a friend of Abel’s who later used his name as a pseudonym when arrested by the FBI. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 178. Aberdeen Proving Grounds: U.S. Army Ordnance Crops testing range for weapons and vehicles.
“Able”: see “Gifted”. “Abner Mash”: U.S. ship. Venona New York KGB 1944, 546; Venona USA Naval GRU, 287. ABRAHAM [ABRAM] (cover name in Venona): Jack Soble. Venona New York KGB 1944, 572, 574. ABRAHAM [AVRAAM] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent.
Abraham Lincoln Brigade or Battalion: Refers to the Abraham Lincoln Battalion and other American units in the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 7, 9, 19, 112, 154; Venona New York KGB 1943, 224; Venona New York KGB 1944, 186; Venona USA GRU, 100. Abraham Lincoln School: CPUSA adult eduction school in Chicago. Venona Washington KGB, 55. Abram Case: Comintern official Boris Reinstein was described as involved in the “Abram Case.” Unclear what the case involved. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 105. “Abram” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Jack Soble prior to September 1944 (with occasional use thereafter into the 1950s). Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 55, 74; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 16–17, 65, 76, 82–84, 86–87, 91. ABRAM (cover name in Venona): Jack Soble. Venona New York KGB 1943, 184, 238, 359; Venona New York KGB 1944, 69–70, 224–25, 404, 462, 523–24, 572, 574–75, 719; Venona New York KGB 1945, 30–31; Venona Special Studies, 3, 78, 174. Translated as ABRAHAM: Venona New York KGB 1944, 572, 574. Abramov, ?: Described as Comintern official and an “enemy of the people”. Likely Jacob Mirov- Abramov, former chief of Comintern OMS executed in 1937. (Variant name in the literature Jacob Abramov-Mirov.) Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 135. Abramov, Aleksandr Stepanovich: Soviet internal security source. Cover name in Venona: DEMIDOV. As Abramov and DEMIDOV: Venona San Francisco KGB, 120; Venona Special Studies, 99. Abramov, Leonid Dmitrievich. Soviet intelligence officer in U.S. from May 1940 to 31 July 1944. Cover name in Venona: ARTEK. As Abramov: Venona New York KGB 1943, 111, 303; Venona New York KGB 1944, 97, 101, 236, 239, 318, 355, 514; Venona New York KGB 1945, 195;
5
Venona Special Studies, 9. As ARTEK: Venona New York KGB 1943, 111, 302–3; Venona New York KGB 1944, 72, 96–97, 101, 195, 236, 238–39, 276, 318, 354–55, 514; Venona New York KGB 1945, 84, 195; Venona Special Studies, 9. Abramovich, Rafael: Menshevik leader. Venona New York KGB 1943, 88–89; Venona New York KGB 1944, 622–23. Abrams, ?: Described as director of Interchemical Corporation. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 62. Abt, John: Abt appears in Vassiliev’s notebooks with his name misspelled once as “Ant” as well as correctly spelled as “Abt”. The “Ant” misspelling was in the original KGB document, and a Vassiliev annotation noted it as a misspelling of “Abt.” Abt’s name appears in the Venona messages misspelled as “Amt.” Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Bat”. As Abt: Vassiliev’s Vassiliev Odd Pages, 34; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 3–4, 37, 73; Vassiliev White
“‘Reyna’s’ brother John”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 10. Abwehr: German military intelligence agency. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 87–88. “Academic” [“Akademich”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): A 1948 cover name with unclear meaning, possibly Communist activity or espionage work. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 128. Academic Council of the Joint Institute on Nuclear Research (USSR). Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 61. Academy of Sciences (USSR): Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 24, 32, 66; Venona New York KGB 1945, 139; Venona San Francisco KGB, 221; Venona USA Diplomatic, 30. Acheson, Dean: Senior State Department official and Secretary of State, 1949–53. Vassiliev’s Vassiliev
128–29; Venona New York KGB 1943, 136–37; Venona New York KGB 1945, 63, 103. ACHIEVEMENT [DOSTIZHENIE] (cover name in Venona): A KGB operation involving Mexico, possibly in reference to attempts to gain release of Trotsky’s assassin. Venona New York KGB 1943, 82–83; Venona New York KGB 1944, 39–40. ACHILLES [AKHIL] (cover name in Venona): Likely Arthur Adams. ACHILLES was an unidentified GRU agent in Venona. But ACHILLES is identified as Adams’ GRU cover name during 1939– 1946 in Russian literature on the GRU, and ACHILLES’s activities reported in the Venona cables fit with FBI surveillance of Adams during World War II. 2 Venona USA GRU, 1, 90. “Achilles” [“Akhill”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Karl Dunts. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 27, 100; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 99, 106. “Achilles” (cover name in Venona): A speculative decoding of a partially solved cover name. Venona
“Acorn” [“Zholud'”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Bela (William) Gold. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 78; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 6, 68; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 31, 33; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 28, 30–31, 34–35, 38, 42. ACORN [ZHOLUD'] (cover name in Venona): Bela (William) Gold. Venona New York KGB 1945 8–9, 16; Venona Special Studies, 27. ACP: American Communist Party. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 147; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 46; Download 5.28 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|