Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
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144–45; Venona San Francisco KGB, 100, 168, 185, 194, 196, 211–12, 215, 221–22, 224–26, 228–29, 233, 237, 244, 248, 254–55, 258–59, 263–64, 268, 270, 276, 287, 289–90, 292–93, 295– 97, 299–301, 304–5, 311; Venona Special Studies, 29, 44, 105, 131, 133, 141, 143, 146, 153, 165–68, 175–76, 179–80, 187. As MAI (variant of MAJ): Venona Special Studies, 129. Apresyan, Stepan Zakharovich mistakenly identified as Pavel Ivanovich Fedosimov: Venona analysts initially believed that the real name behind the cover name MAY [MAJ], acting chief of the KGB New York Station for part of 1944 and 1945, was Pavel Fedosimov, a diplomat at the New York consulate. Eventually, however, Venona analysts realized that this was an error and that MAY was Stepan Apresyan, another Soviet diplomat at the New York consulate who in 1945 transferred to the San Francisco consulate (with the MAY cover name simultaneously disappearing from the New York KGB message traffic and appearing in San Francisco traffic). (Fedosimov’s actual cover name, it turned out, was STEPAN, See the separate Fedosimov/STEPAN entry.) Venona analysts corrected a number of the deciphered Venona messages where MAY was identified as Fedosimov, but others were not corrected. The deciphered messages were for internal use by analysts, all of whom knew of the change, so likely correcting all of them was regarded as of little value. There are a large number of messages where MAY appears because Apresyan was the acting chief of the KGB New York station for part of 1944 and 1945 and during that period most outgoing messages were signed by him and most incoming messages were addressed to him. Consequently, all messages where MAY [MAJ] was identified as Fedosimov should be understood as references to Apresyan, whether corrected or not. The following Fedosimov references are MAY [MAJ] references that should be understood as actually referencing Apresyan: Venona New York KGB 1944, 26, 29–30, 38, 44– 46, 48, 50–51, 57, 62–63, 72, 74, 76, 78, 83, 85, 88, 90, 92–93, 98, 100–101, 109, 112, 115–16, 120, 129, 138, 142, 151, 164, 178, 180, 186–87, 196, 198, 201–2, 205, 207, 213, 220, 226, 229– 30, 241, 257, 277, 284, 287, 297, 300, 307, 309, 323, 338, 340, 343, 345, 351, 379, 391, 393,
407, 409, 411, 413, 415–17, 420–21, 427, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441–42, 445, 448, 450, 457, 460, 473, 479–80, 487, 489, 495, 501, 505, 530, 536, 541, 545, 551, 555, 565, 573, 575, 595, 602, 612, 641, 654, 656, 658, 663, 671, 674, 686, 688 , 693, 710–11, 718, 722, 726, 734, 736, 749, 753–54, 761, 765, 769–70, 773, 776; Venona New York KGB 1945, 13, 19, 34, 45, 58, 62. Apresyana, Aleksandra Grigor'evna: Wife of Stepan Z. Apresyan. Cover name in Venona: ZOYA. As Apresyana or Apresyan: Venona New York KGB 1945, 79; Venona Special Studies, 29. As ZOYA: Venona New York KGB 1945, 61–62, 79; Venona Special Studies, 29. Apriyevsky, Petr: member of the USSR Osoaviakhim, 1932. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 77. APTEKA [DRUGSTORE} (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Likely an institution. Venona New
AR...: Partial decryption, possibly the first letters of ARISTIDES. Venona New York KGB 1943, 60–61. AR...: Partial decryption, possibly the first letters of ARSENAL. Venona New York KGB 1943, 235–36. “A.R.’s note”: Annotation on a memo about a cable from New York to Moscow. The initials "A.R." may be those of Andrey Raina, a KGB officer who earlier had worked in New York on the technical line. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 42. ARA: American Relief Administration. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 47, 69. Arabia and Arabs: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 153; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 12; Venona New York KGB 1943, 41, 110; Venona New York KGB 1944, 357. Aragon, Louis: French poet and Communist. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 58. Aralov, Simon I.: Senior GRU officer, 1920s, 1930s. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 7. Aramco oil company: Vassiliev’s Vassiliev Odd Pages, 32. Arbeiter Zeitung: Austrian Socialist newspaper. Venona New York KGB 1943, 84. “Arch” [“Duga”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Frank Ullman. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 101. Archibald, E.W.: Suspected of being a fake name in a suspected fraudulent U.S. State Department document. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 93–94. “Archimedes” [“Arkhimed”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified KGB officer, mid- 1930s. Used the work name “Goldstein.” As “Archimedes”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 129, 140, 146; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 5–6. As “Goldstein”: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 6.
Arcos: Soviet foreign trade agency in the United Kingdom. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 41. Arcos-America: predecessor to Amtorg. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 50, 81. Ardabil, Iran: Venona USA Diplomatic, 60. “Arena” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Gerald Graze, 1943–1945. Black Notebook, 51, 78, 89, 95, 173–76; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 10–14, 17, 30–31; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 30; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 45, 66–71, 74–76, 79–80, 120; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 40, 47, 49–50, 66, 70–78. ARENA (cover name in Venona): Gerald Graze. “Arena” appeared in the Venona decryptions and was unidentified in a message of June 1943 but identified by NSA/FBI as probably the cover name of Mary Price in messages of April and May 1944. In light of the detail supplied in Vassiliev’s notebooks, NSA/FBI’s identification of “Arena” in the Venona cables as Mary Price appears to have been incorrect and “Arena” in Venona is Gerald Graze. The context and details about ARENA in Venona are fully compatible with Graze. Venona New York KGB 1943, 179; Venona New York KGB 1944, 32–33, 172–74; Venona Special Studies, 8. Arenal, Alberto: Described as a cousin of Luis Arenal and a Mexican military officer. Venona New York KGB 1943, 279. Arenal, Leopol or Leopolo: Soviet intelligece agent and Mexican Communist. Brother of Luis Arenal. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Alexander” [“Aleksandr”]. Cover name in Venona: ALEKSANDR. Leopol Arenal is also a candidate for the cover names ALEJANDRO, ALEX, ALEKSANDER, and ALEKSANDR in the Secret Writings letters. As Arenal: Vassiliev White
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Notebook #2, 33. As “Alexander” [“Aleksandr”]: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 33. As ALEKSANDR: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 18, 39, 41; Venona New York KGB 1943, 112– 13, 158–60; Venona New York KGB 1944, 6, 40, 136, 321, 396–97; Venona Special Studies, 4. As ALEJANDRO, ALEX, ALEKSANDER, and ALEKSANDR: Venona Secret Writings New York/Buenos Aires, 3–6, 8–9, 15–16. Arenal, Luis: Described as the husband of Rose Beigel Arenal. Cover name in Venona: RAFAIL. As Arenal and RAFAIL: Venona New York KGB 1943, 279; Venona Special Studies, 59. Arenal, Rose Beigel: Soviet intelligence agent, wife of Luis Arenal (later divorced). Cover name in Venona: ROSE [ROZA]. As Rose Arenal: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 33. As Rose Biegel:
ARFAR 7: Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1945, 170. Argentina and Argentinians: Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Rio” As Argentina: Vassiliev Odd
19, 122 , 155–57, 207–8, 276–77, 283–84; Venona New York KGB 1944, 155, 298, 372; Venona Washington KGB, 48; Venona USA Naval GRU, 283, 34, 369; Venona USA Diplomatic, 64. As “Rio”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 115. Argentina, Communist Party of: Venona Secret Writings New York/Buenos Aires, 3, 6, 15. “Argo” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Ernest Hemingway. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 81, 83, 89, 95–96, 102; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 30. Argonne Laboratories: Site of atomic research near Chicago. Venona New York KGB 1945, 190. “Argun”: Soviet ship. Venona San Francisco KGB, 109; Venona USA Naval GRU, 160. ARISTIDES: Possible a real name or a cover name. Described as an Argentinian. Venona New York KGB 1943, 59–61. Arkad'ev, ?: Unidentified Soviet personnel. Venona USA Diplomatic, 74. “Arkady” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer, Vienna KGB station, 1954. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 97–98. Arkhangel: Soviet port. Venona New York KGB 1943, 23, 128; Venona San Francisco KGB, 180;
ARKHANGEL'SKIJ (cover name in Venona): ? Lebedev. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 61; Venona Special Studies, 10. “Arkhimed” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Archimedes”. “Arkhip” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer, 1934, likely in Berlin. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 46. “Arktika”: Soviet ship. Venona USA Naval GRU, 70. Arkush: Unidentified. May be a real name or a cover name. Venona New York KGB 1945, 49–50; Venona Special Studies, 8. Arlington Hall: Former girls’ school that became the site of Army Signals Intelligence, predecessor to NSA. Likely reference to in partial deciphering as “. . . INGTON”. Venona New York KGB
ARM: Unidentified acronym Venona New York KGB 1945, 63. Arma Engineering: Machine and tool company in New York. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 44. Armed Forces Committee, U.S. Senate. Likely a reference to the Senate Committee on Military Affairs. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 151–52. Armenia and Armenians: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 122; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 47; Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 60; Venona New York KGB 1944, 258 Venona New York KGB 1944; Venona New York KGB 1945, 91, 187. Armenian Progressive League of America: Venona New York KGB 1944, 258. “Armor” [“Bronya”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Harold Smeltzer starting in October 1944.
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ARMOR and ARMOUR [BRONYA] (cover name in Venona): Harold Smeltzer. The identify of ARMOR was redacted by NSA from the Venona messages made public but “Armor” was identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Smeltzer. As ARMOR: Venona New York KGB 1944, 543; Venona New York 1945, 188; Venona Special Studies, 14. As ARMOUR: Venona New York KGB 1944, 274, 632. Armour, Lester: OSS officer. Venona New York KGB 1945, 85. Armour, Norman: Senior American diplomat. Served at various times as ambassador to Canada, Chile, Argentina, Spain, Venezuela and Guatemala as well as chief of DOS’s Latin American division and Assistant Secretary of State for Political Affairs. Venona New York KGB 1943, 130, 276–77, 283–84; Venona New York KGB 1944, 372. Arms and Munitions, Office of: See Office of Arms and Munitions Control. Armstrong, C. D.: British Brigadier General with the SOE in Yugoslavia. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 135. Army Air Corps, U.S. (AAC) and Army Air Force, U.S. (AAF and USAAF). Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77, 99, 135, 175; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 7; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 107; Venona New York KGB 1943, 54, 230–31, 236, 334; Venona New York KGB 1944, 496; 645, 705, 766; Venona Washington KGB, 63–65; Venona USA GRU, 7, 106, 144. Army intelligence, U.S.: See Military Intelligence Division. Army Security Agency, U.S.: U.S. Army’s cryptologic service. Successor to Army Signals Intelligence Service and predecessor to the National Security Agency. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Cranberry” [“Klyukva”]. As “Cranberry”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 70. Army, U.S.: Reference to the U.S. Army are too numerous to be of any index value. Arnall, Ellis: Democratic Governor of Georgia, 1943–1947. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 150. ARNAUD [ARNO] (cover name in Venona): Harry Gold. Venona New York KGB 1944, 542. Arnautoff, Victor Michael: Described as the first President of the Russian-American Society Inc. Venona
Arnautov: See Victor Michael Arnautoff. Venona San Francisco KGB, 195. “Arno” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Harry Gold, October 1944 to 1950. Vassiliev Black
91, 94, 99, 102–09. ARNO (cover name in Venona): Harry Gold. Venona New York KGB 1944 542 (translated as ARNAUD), 621, 644, 714–15, 739–40; Venona New York KGB 1945, 72–73, 121; Venona Special Studies, 8, 21. Arnold, ?. Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 45. ARNOLD [ARNOL'D] (cover name in Venona): Andrew Steiger. The cover name FAKIR was changed to ARNOLD in October 1944. Both FAKIR and ARNOLD are unidentified in the Venona decryptions, however, “Fakir” appeared in Vassiliev’s notebooks and was identified as Andrew Steiger. The details of FAKIR and ARNOLD in Venona are compatible with “Fakir” and Steiger in Vassiliev’s notebooks. Venona New York KGB 1944, 96, 542–43; Venona New York KGB
Arnold, Henry: Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. Venona USA Trade, 6. Aronberg, Philip: Veteran CPUSA cadre and Soviet intelligence agent. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 27, 84. Aronoff, Edwin: Described as a lawyer and secret Communist. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 39. Aronovich, ?: Described as an employee in the visa section of the American embassy in Paris. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 52. Arons: See Aarons.
ARROW [STRELA] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent described as working on Carpatho-Russians. Venona New York KGB 1944, 71, 236; Venona Special Studies, 69. “Arsen” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source, Communist, technical intelligence 1942. Associated with Julius Rosenberg and Jacob Golos. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 44. “Arsenal” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): U.S. War Department. White Notebook #1, 69, 115; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 20; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 132; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 75. ARSENAL (cover name in Venona): U.S. War Department. Venona New York KGB 1943, 5, 235–36, 260–61, 331, 348–49; Venona New York KGB 1944, 383–84, 470–71, 522, 601–2, 622–23, 748– 49; Venona New York KGB 1945, 21–22, 138, 142, 179–81, 188, 205–6; Venona Washington KGB, 45, 47. ARSENIJ (cover name in Venona): Soviet intelligence officer Andrey Raina, pseudonym Andrey Shevchenko in the United States. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 15, 74–75; Venona New York
289–90, 352–53, 408–9, 481, 498–99, 514, 631–32, 634–35, 645–46, 675, 746–47; Venona Special Studies, 8–9. ARSENIUS [ARSENIJ and ARSENIY] (cover name in Venona): Soviet intelligence officer Andrey Raina, pseudonym Andrey Shevchenko in the United States. Venona New York KGB 1944, 27, 72; Venona Special Studies, 137–38. ARSENIY (cover name in Venona): Soviet intelligence officer Andrey Raina, pseudonym Andrey Shevchenko in the United States. Venona Special Studies, 137, 143–44. “Arseny” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Soviet intelligence officer Andrey Raina, pseudonym Andrey Shevchenko in the United States. “Arseny” was identified as Raina in Alexander Vassiliev’s unpublished summary narrative “Enormous” used to write the Haunted Wood. 7
“Arseny” transliterated as ARSENIJ and ARSENIY and translated as ARSENIUS was identified in the Venona decryptions as KGB officer Andrey Shevchenko, indicating that Shevchenko was Raina’s American pseudonym. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 110, 113, 117, 119, 121–22, 124, 126, 135; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 109, 118; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 29, 34, 76, 81. “Art” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Helen Koral beginning in September 1944. Vassiliev Black
ART (cover name in Venona): Helen Koral. (There are two Venona messages where Venona analysts thought ART was Alexander Koral, Helen’s husband. Taken in totality, however, it is clear that ART was Helen Koral while Alexander Koral had the cover name BERG.) Venona New York KGB 1944, 462–63, 619, 633, 666–68, 733–34; Venona New York KGB 1945, 158–59, 203; Venona Special Studies, 9, 47. ARTEK (cover name in Venona): Leonid Dmitrievich Abramov. Venona New York KGB 1943, 111, 302–3; Venona New York KGB 1944, 72, 96–97, 101, 195, 236, 238–39, 276, 318, 354–55, 514;
and ARTEK at Venona New York KGB 1945, 84, 195). ARTEL, 175 Venona Special Studies. “Artem” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): A. Slavyagin, KGB officer. “Artem” was identified in the Venona decryptions as likely the cover name of either G. N. Ogloblin or M.N. Khvostov, Soviet diplomatic staff. The latter two names may be pseudonyms, and A. Slavyagin, identified
——————————— 7. Alexander Vassiliev, “Enormous,” Alexander Vassiliev papers, box 4, Library of Congress. in Vassiliev’s notebooks as “Artem”, may be the real name of one of the former. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 79; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 81. ARTEM (cover name in Venona): ARTEM was identified in the Venona decryptions as likely the cover name of either G. N. Ogloblin or M.N. Khvostov, Soviet diplomatic staff. ARTEM as “Artem” was identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as KGB officer A. Slavyagin. Likely Slavyagin used the name G. N. Ogloblin or M.N. Khvostov as the pseudonym of his diplomatic cover. Venona New
194–95; Venona Special Studies, 9. (Note confusion of ARTEM and ARTEK at Venona New York KGB 1945, 84, 195). Artemenko, Koz'ma Petrovich: Soviet naval officer. Venona San Francisco KGB, 130–31, 250–52; Venona Special Studies, 93. ARTHUR [ARTUR] (cover name in Venona): Soviet intelligence officer operating in Central and South America. Likely Iosif Grigulevich. Grigulevich is identified with the cover name “Arthur” or “Artur” in the early 1940s when operating in Central and South America in several sources. 8
York KGB 1944, 224–25, 517; Venona Special Studies, 9–10. ARTHUR [ARTUR] (cover name in Venona): Thomas Bisson. Venona New York KGB 1943, 233; Venona USA GRU, 30, 32, 38, 51, 103. “Arthur” See “Artur”. Artiksnab: Unidentified Soviet agency, 1933. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 23. ARTIST [KHUDOZHNIK] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified, 1940s. Venona Special Studies, 76. “Artist” [“Khudozhnik”] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Jacob Golos’s source at McClure’s Newspaper syndicate in 1939. Likely Elizabeth Bentley. 9 Vassiliev Black Notebook, 160. Artkino Pictures, Inc.: Soviet agency that distributed Soviet motion picture films in the United States. Successor to Amkino. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 22; Venona New York KGB 1944, 695. Artonius (cover name in Venona): See ARTEM. Venona New York KGB 1944, 192. ARTUR [ARTHUR] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent, GRU. Venona USA Naval GRU, 186, 228. ARTUR [ARTHUR] (cover name in Venona): Thomas Bisson. Venona USA GRU, 30, 32–33, 38, 51, 103. ARTUR [ARTHUR] (cover name in Venona): Soviet intelligence officer operating in Central and South America. Likely Iosif Grigulevich. Grigulevich is identified with the cover name “Arthur” or “Artur” in the early 1940s when operating in Central and South America in several sources. 10
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