Lecture Stylistics as a science. Problems of stylistic research. Plan

Литература:

1. 
   Знаменская Т.А. Стилистика английского языка. Основы курса. М., 2004.
   
2. 
   Мороховский А.Н. Cтилистика английского языка. Киев, 1989.
   
3. 
   Galperin I.R. Stylistics. M., 1977.
   
4. 
   Kucharenko V.A. A Book of Practice in Stylistics. M., 1986.
   
5. 
   Skrebnev Y.M. Fundamentals of English. М., 1994.
   

Lecture 3.
Expressive Resources of the Language
Plan:
1. Expressive Resources of the Language: Expressive means and stylistic devices; tropes;
2. Different classifications of expressive means and stylistic devices from antique to modern times:
a) antique tradition (Gorgius (483-375 B. C.); Aristotle)
b) Hellenistic Roman rhetoric system;
c) modern classifications of expressive means (G. Leech, I. R. Galperin and Y. M. Skrebnev).


Basic notions: expressive means; stylistic devices; figures of speech, tropes; comparison; simile; metaphor; polysemy; pun; oxymoron; euphemism; cliche; epigram; quotation; allusion; decom­position of set phrases; rhythm and period; antithesis; assonance of colons; equality of colons; puzzle; catachresis/malapropism; epithet, periphrasis; hyperbole; antonomasia; doubling/ reduplication, repetition; epenalepsis (polysyndeton); anaphora; epiphora; framing; enjambment; asyndeton; zeugma/syllepsis; chiasmus; ellipsis; paradiastola; anastrophe; detached constructions; parenthesis; parallel constructions; paradigmatic figures; syntagmatic figures; onomatopoeia; alliteration; rhyme; graphon; pleonasm; tautology;
Expressive Resources of the Language: Expressive means and stylistic devices.
Expressive means of a language are those linguistic forms and properties that have the potential to make the utterance emphatic or expressive. These can be found on all levels—phonetic, graphical, morphological, lexical or syntactical.
All stylistic devices belong to expressive means but not all expressive means are stylistic devices: 1) phonetic phenomena such as vocal pitch, pauses, logical stress, and drawling, or staccato pronunciation are all expressive without being stylistic devices; 2) morphological forms like diminutive suffixes may have an expres­sive effect: girlie, piggy, doggy, etc. 3) lexical expressive means may be illustrated by a special group of intensifiers—awfully, terribly, absolutely, etc. or words that retain their logical meaning while being used emphatically: It was a very special evening/event/gift; 4) there are also special grammatical forms and syntactical patterns attributing expressiveness, such as: I do know you! I’m really angry with that dog of yours! That you should deceive me! If only I could help you!