Fundamentals of food technology study manual

Figure 12 
1-Anatomical structure of the fish body: - brain; 2nd spinal cord; 
J-kidneys; 4th spine; 5 - muscles; 6 - anus; 

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7-intestines; 8-swimming bladder; 9-stomach; 10th heart; 11-gills; 12- oral 
cavity. 
The main organ of movement of the fish is the caudal part of the body with 
the caudal fin, other fins usually play a role. Serpentine-shaped fish move by 
bending their whole body. The temperature of the fish is not constant, it depends 
on the temperature of the water in which they live. Fish processing usually 
involves breaking the body into parts with different production values. To get 
acquainted with the components of the fish body, it is necessary to consider its 
external and internal anatomical structure. Many fish species are distinguished by 
their torpedo-shaped shape and symmetrically built body, which can be divided 
into three components: head, body and tail. The head is the part of the body from 
the beginning of the beak to the end of the gill covers. Gill flaps and anal fins in 
the middle is the body, and after the anal fin it is divided into the tail part and the 
coccyx. The fish body has paired (pectoral, abdominal) and unpaired (dorsal, anal, 
caudal) fins. The surface of the fish body is covered with skin covered with scales. 
After the anal fin, which is located under the skin, it is divided into the tail part and 
the coccyx. The fish body has paired (pectoral, abdominal) and unpaired (dorsal, 
anal, caudal) fins. The surface of the fish body is covered with skin covered with 
scales. After the anal fin, which is located under the skin, it is divided into the tail 
part and the coccyx. The fish body has paired (pectoral, abdominal) and unpaired 
(dorsal, anal, caudal) fins. The surface of the fish body is covered with skin 
covered with scales. 
In the abdominal cavity of the fish body, there are internal organs that 
perform various physiological functions: heart, digestive organs (esophagus, 
stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas), kidneys, gonads (caviar or milk) and 
swimming bladder. These organs are suspended in the body cavity by the 
surrounding loose connective tissue. The inner walls of the abdominal cavity are 
covered with 8 smooth integumentary tissue, on which in some fish species 
(herring, cod, etc.) there is an additional thin layer of black film, which is usually 
removed. Cut the fish. The brain and gills are located in the cavity of the fish head. 
Physical characteristics of fish 
Fish are distinguished by the variety of species of different shapes and sizes 
and weights, as well as the body structure and other physical characteristics of 
individual fish specimens and mass. This makes it difficult to organize its cutting, 
receiving, transportation and processing, especially with the use of mechanization 
and automation. In order to solve many practical problems of fish processing, it is 
necessary to know its physical characteristics - its body shape and dimensions, 
center of gravity, density, mass or mass, angle of elongation, angle of slip and 
coefficient of friction on the surface. Different materials, heat capacity, thermal 
conductivity, electrical resistance, strength and other properties. 
Body shape. Among the wide variety, the following most common body 
shapes of fish are distinguished: torpedo-shaped (spindle) - the body of the fish 
resembles a spindle.