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- A R C H D I O C E S E O F ERNAKULA/VL
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308 Q u i l o n , K o tta r.— Cru sad y, V a d a s s e r i, Sita ppal, T ittiv ila i, Etta- maday, A r u m b o l y , K alk adu. Cath. 5,806. V e r y R ev. Fr. Pius, O .C .D ., v
F. ; Rev. Stanislaus K o s tk a ; Rev. Martin M. Fa nandez. Sch ools 4, pupils 422. Con v ent o f St. Joseph. St. F r a n c is ' Normal Schoo l fo r T each ers and Boa rding. Carmel E n g lish School with B o a rding .
pu ra m, P u lia c k r u c h y cha pel. Cath. 3,500. Rev. Au gustin e C o n ce ptio n . Sch ools 2, pupils 149.
Tbe-
murakula m . Cath. 2,291. Rev. A m b r o s e Ferna ndez Schools 3, pupils 179.
angade, T ir u v a n a c u r c h y , Talla kula m. Cath. 4,435. Rev. Fr. A n t h o n y L u ca s. S ch o o ls 3, pupils 154. Melassaripallam ( P . O . , K o t t a r ) . — K ila ssa ripall am , Peru- vilai. Cath. 2,924. R ev . A n t h o n y D. Fernandez. Schools 4, pu pils 257. Con v ent o f the M is s io n ary Can. o f St. A u g u s tin e .
T ir u v id a n k o d u , K a l c u r c h y . Cath. 6,168. Re vs, Valeriane, Pius M orris. S ch oo ls 3, pupils 411. Convent School, Orph. o f the Holy In fa nt Jesus, 17 E u ro pean Sisters, 16 In dian A u x ilia r y Sisters, 381 orphans. S u perio ress : Dame M ar y M ag dalene. T h u c k ala y, Re s iden ce o f the C. M issionaries. Rev. Frs. Paul,
o . o . D . , Cyril.
M analikara ( P . O . , T h u c k a l a y ) . — M anakav ila , Merka-
m a nd aba m . Cath. 2,251. R ev . Fr. Bern ard G on s alv e z P. S c h ool, 202 pupils.
N ich ola s, V i c a r . ¿[School, 87 pupils. V I I I D i v i s i o n . Colachel.— Codim anay, Cotilpa de, P u dur. Cath. 4,735. V e r y R ev. V i n c e n t Ferna nde^, v .y . Sch ools 5. pupils 350.
Q ü i l o n . 309
Curumbanai ( P .O ., C o l a o h e l) .— A l e n j i, Kilnaidalam. Catb. 3,228. R e v . Bernard F e rna ndez . Schools 3, pupils 241.
C o l a c h e l) . — Melmid ala m, P u tten ío ray , R a m en to ray, Pattanam. Cath. 3,647. R ev. R ich a r d R oza rio . Sch ools 2, pupils 205. Kadiapatnam ( P . O . , C o l a c h e l) . — Cath. 2,210. Rev. Joh n Fernandez. School, 140 pupils. Con vent o f the Sisters of the Iism. H eart o f Mary. Pullatope ( P . O . , C o la c h e l) .— Muttam. Cntli. 3,175. R e v . John Pereira, v Rev. Jerem ías S ’ Cruz. Schools 3, pupils 226.
R ev. Seb astia n T. Arak al. Rev. T athrose Fer na ndez. S c h ool, 93 pupils.
A R C H D I O C E S E O F ERNAKULA/VL Suffragan D ioceses— Ghenganacherry, Kottayam and Trichur. Diocesan Clergy, Syro-M alabar R ite, I
E a r l y
H i s t o r y . T r a d it io n tells as that St. T h om as, one o f the twelve A po s tles o f Jesus Christ, eam e to In dia , preached the G ospel and f o u n d e d a c h u rc h there. The Christians of M alaba r b elie ve that the A p o s tle in 52 A. D. landed at C ran g an ore, a pla ce which is now an o b s c u r e hamlet, but was in those days a flou ri sh in g seaport, called by ancie nt g e og r a p h e rs M ouziri. St. Thom as erected seven chu rch es on the M ala bar Coast at Nir an a m , Q uilo n, Chayal, Cocka- m ang alam , M aliankara ( C r a n g a n o r e ) , K o tta k a w and P alu r , w hich are sp e cia lly venerated even b y non-Christians. A m o n g others, the A p o s tle c o n v e r t e d also many Brah min fam ilies, and ordain e d priests and Bishops. Th e A postle fo u n d e d in the East eig ht A r c h b i s h o p r i c s , o f w hich M alaba r was one. T h e A p o s tle preached also in other parts o f India. In the year 67 he was m a rtyr e d at Little Mount, a little d is ta n c e fr om St. T h o m a s ’ Mount, and was buried at Myla- pore, in the m od ern cit y o f Madras . W h a t
T r a d i t i o n S a y s
. A f t e r the dis pe r sio n o f the A postles, St. Th omas preached a m o n g the P arth ia n s and the Oriental Churches in Syria and M esop otamia have always attribu te d to St. T h o m as the p r e a c h i n g o f the Gospel in Asia . A t that date there had lo n g been c o m m e r c e between E u r ope and In dia , not only by c ar av an s which to o k the land route through Persia, but also by ships do w n the Red Sea qr the Persia n G ulf.
tlR N A K tJL A M . 3 1 1 St. Thom as jo u r n e y e d dow n the Bed Sea and halted at So coto ra, w hence he w en t on to Cran gan ore, and sever al a n c ie n t writers menti on In dia as the sc ene o f St. Th om as1 la bou rs. Thus St. Eph rem the S y ria n ( A . D . 300— 328) in a hymn about the relics o f St. Thom as at Edessa, d e p icts Satan e x c la im i n g " The A p o s tle w hom I killed in In dia com es to meet me in E d e s s a . ” St. G r e g o r y Nazia n zen (329— 389) in a hom ily says : “ What , were not the A postl es f o r e i g n e r s ? G ra n t in g that Judea was the c o u n tr y o f Peter, what had Saul to do with the Gentiles, L a k e with A ch aiu , A n d r e w with Epiru s, Thom as with In d io , Mark with Italy.*’ St. A m b r o s e (340— 397) writes : “ W h en the L o r d Jesus said to the A postl es : ‘ Go and teach all n atio n s ,' even the k in g dom that had been shut off by the ba rb a r ic m ounta ins lay open to them, as India to Thom as, as Persia to Matthew- N u m e r o u s oth er passages c o uld be cited from various old liturgie s and m a rt y r o lo g ie s w hich refer to the w ork o f St. Thomas in India, aud these passages at least show that the trad ition that St. Thom as died in In dia was wid espread am o n g the early Churches . The A n g lo -S a x o n C h ronic le relates that K i n g Alfred the G rea t, in g ra tit ude to G od fo r his v ict orie s, in 883, sent gifts not on ly to R om e but to the shriue of St. Tiiomas and St. B artholom ew in M yla pore. But some historians have erred in as sertin g that St. B a rt h o lom ew the A p o s tle also pr eached and was buried in East In dia . H is tor ia n s testify that at the time o f K i n g A l f r e d the Great, the Church o f St. Th om as in M yla pore was in the possess ion o f the Sy ria n Christians, and it was then c alled by them Beth Thoma or Mar Thoma. Beth Thoma is by some m ista k enly c o n s tr u c te d into Bart holomew . It is sim ply a mistaken m ea n in g of the
S y r ia c term, Beth Thoma or M ar Thoma (h ouse or pla ce of St. T h o m a s ) . On the other hand, we have uu trad ition that St. Bartholom ew ever came to Ea st In dia . The place of St. B a r t h o lo m e w ’ s p r e a c h i n g and shrine was India Citerior ( A r a b i a Fe.ix o r Et hiopia now Pe r sia n B a lu ch ist a n ) and A lban u m , in A rm eu ia M ajo r re sp e c tiv e ly ( B r e v . R om ,, 24th A u g u s t ) . The A c ts ( p a r t II, C. 8) o f the E c u m e n ica l Council o f Niciea I in 325, show ttiat a ce rtain Joh n represented himself to the Council and su b s cr ib e d to the sym bol of the Faith as E R N A k U L A M . B ish o p o f G reat India and Persia ( vide Labe, “ Sacrosa ncta c o n c i l i a ” V e n ic e 172. Tom . II. lib. 2, c. 37, Col. 2 3 5 ; Fr. Samuel Qiamile, “ G enu iu ae Relationes ” Rom e 1902, p. 578). Tbis Jolin was really a Syro-Chaldsean Bishop. This fact u niv ersally admitted by all his torians c le arly proves, against som e recent writers, that tbe an c ie n t A p o s t o l ic ChnrcLi of Indian-Syro-Chaldsean Bishops and Syro-Cbaldsean Liturgy, b e f o r e the Syria n c o lo n y , headed by Th om as Cana, lauded in M ala bar in 345 A .D . T bis c o lo n y , bro u gh t by Thomas Cana, on ly st ren gth ened tbe Christian c o m m u n ity in Mala bar ; but they did not newly g iv e to the fo r m e r Christians either the title “ S y ria n ” or the S y r ia c L it u r g y . F or both history and trad ition attest, that to the prim i tive Church of India, the Syro-Chaldrean L it u r g y was given by St. T h om as the A p o s tle himself. W h e n St. Thom as landed at C ran g an ore in the y ear 52, there was a Jewish c o lo n y in the n eig h bou rhood, These Jews sp ok e Sy ro- Chald aic . Tbe
A po s tle, b ein g in this paga n cou n tr y, first turned to the Jew s and co n v e rt e d them ; their S y n a g o g u e was turned into a Christian Church, and div in e s e r v ice was c o n d u c te d in Sy r o -C h a ld a ic , their vern acular. The co n v e rte d Gentiles were united to tbe Jews, c h u rch es were multip lied , and Syro- Chaldaic was ad opte d by all in the d iv in e se rvice. The
traditio n o f tbe Church o f Mala bar a b o u t the Syriac L it u r g y is attested in the letter o f St. T h o m a s ’ Christians to P ope G r e g o r y X I I I written in 1578. M o d e r n H i s t o r y . The Syrian Christians in M alaba r are even to -da y called Nazarani Mapilas or St. T h om as' Christians, The appellation, Nasarani, was giv en to the prim itiv e Christians in the early cen turies. It o r igin a ted fro m the der ision o f the Jews who called the Christians Nasarani, as Jesus was fro m Nazareth. The Syrian Ch ristians are also Mapilas. Th e Syria n Christian priests are called Carthanars, w hich is also an ab breviate d f o r m o f the Malayalam w ord s Garthan ( G o v e r n o r ) and
Sy ria n Christian Bishops «re called A buna and Mar. The term Abuna in Syria c means Father, and M ar means Lord, which are titles o f respect, c o r r e s p o n d in g to Dominus in Latin , M om eigneur in French and Italian, Dom in Portuguese
E r n a k u l a m . 3 1 3 and Spanish. The Sy ria n Ch ris tia n s at tach the title M ar to the names o f P opes , A n g els and Saints also. Ex. gr. M ar
The Church in M alaba r was g o v e r n e d by the Syro-Chal- dsean Bish ops till the end o f the lGth century. But the P o r tu guese au thorities in In dia in 1600 subs titu ted L atin Bishops tor this Ch urch, under the R o y a l P a tron a g e o f P ortu ga l, The adm in is tration o f Latin Bish ops o v e r the Syrian Chris tians o f Malabar and their different rites o c ca s io n e d , d u rin g the last three centuries, much d is co n te n t and dis se nsi on. A s a result o f these dissensions, tow ards the end o f the 18tb century, J a c o b iti s m was u nfo rtu na te ly in tr o d u ce d in Malabar and it still remains in v ig o r o u s f o r c e ; its follow ers were henceforth k n ow n as * J a c o b ite Syria ns ’ and v ulg arly ca lled Puthekoutucars, i,e., “ new sect ” whose num ber now exceed s 200,000 with some six native Bish ops, while Catholic Syrian Christians in Malaba r are dis tin guis h ed from the others and called Paeheakuttucars, i.e., “ old s e c t , " The Catholics o f the S y r o -M a lab ar rite remained under the ju r is d i c t io n o f V e r a p o l y and Cranganore , and after the suppression o f that See under Goa, until Po pe Leo X I I I , by the B r ie f Quod Jam pridem o f May 29, 1887, separated the Churches o f the Sy ria n rite ou the Malabar Coast, from those of Latin dioceses and le a vin g the latter under the ju r is d ic t io n of the A r c h b is h o p o f V e r a p o ly and o f the Bish op o f Cochin, erected the form er into two V ica ria te s A p o s t o l ic , o n e for Northern and the other f o r Souther n Malabar, and styled them re spe ctiv e ly o f T r ic h u r and K o tta ya m . A g a in , P ope Leo X I I I gra nted them three Bishops o f their ow n rite and nationa lity ; and thus, by the Brief Quae Sei Sacrae o f J u ly 1896, a new d iv is io n h a v in g been made, three V ica ria te s A p o s to l ic were er ect ed for them, namely, Trichur, Ern ak ulam and C h an g an ac h er ry , which are not under the E c cle sia st ica l P r o v in c e o f V e r a p o l y . Pope Pius X , b y the B r ief In universi Chr.istiani o f A u g . 1911, restor ed the V i ca ria te A p o s t o l ic of K ottayam pro
Christians, -who are k n ow n as * Suddists ' — descendants o f the fourt h c e n t u r y em igrant S y r i a n s ; and the V ic a r ia te comprises all the churches and chapels o f the Suddist Syrians on the M ala bar Coast;
3 1 4 E r n a k u l a m . F in ally , b y the Bull Romani Pontifices, the Syro-Malabar H ie r a r c h y was ere cte d by P o p e Pjus X I on D ecem ber 21, 1923, with the A r c h d io c e s e o f Ern ak ulam as the Metropolitan and the D ioceses o f Ctianganac herry K o tta y a m and T ricbur as its suffragans. This A r c h d i o c e s e c om pris e s all the churches o f the Sy ria n rite o f M alaba r situated between the Cbalakud y river and the V e m p a n a d lake. It has, therefore, its territory in the N ative States o f T r a v a n c o r e and Coc hin and in British Cochin, and is div id e d into the nine dec anates o f Angamaly, A r a k u sh e y , Edapally , K a n ju r , T r ip o o n ith u r a , Pallipuram, Paru r, M aila k om p and Y a ik a m . A r e a ab o ut 2,450 sq. miles. Popu lation : about 1,180,000. Catholics 131,130. Language-— Malayala m . F o r m e r P r e l a t e . Th e first Vi,;. A p . Mar. A lo y s iu s P arepa rem bil, Bishop o f T io and Y i c a r A p o s t o l i c o f E rnakulam , born in 1847; elected in 1896 ; died in 1919. II Clergy and Auxiliaries. A r c h b i s h o p a n d
M e t r o p o l i t a n . The Most Rev. Mar A u g u s tin e K an dath il, b o r n August 25, 1874 ; n om in ated Bishop o f A r a d and Co-adjufcor cum jure successionis to the V i c a r A p o s t o l ic o f E rn a k u la m on A u g . 29, 1 9 1 1 ; c o n s e cr a t e d at K a n d y b y His E x c e l le n c y Mgr. Zaleski, the D elega te A p . on D e ce m be r 3, 1911 ; to ok c h a rg e o f the ad m in is tra tio n D ecem ber 9, 1 9 L9 ; n om in ated A rch b ish o p De cem ber 22, 1923 ; and installed on N o v e m b e r 16, 1924. A r c h i e p i s c o p a l C u r i a
. Vicar-General.— Rt. R ev. M gr. Th omas N edu m k a llel. Consultors.— Rt. Rev . Mgr. Th om as Nedumkallel, Rev. Frs* G eo rg e Va lia ve e ttil, Paul Pal at humkal , V a rg h e se Paya- pilly, Z ach a ria s P arak a l and J a c o b N a d u v ath u c h er y.
E r n a k u l a m . 315
Procurator.— R ev. Pr. Th omas V . Thaliath. Clergy.— 153 Sec ular Priests. R e l i g i o u s C o m m u n i t i e s .
tiary M ouks at Carmel, Pan a pall y, Tbevera and Coon em au. ( F o r partic u la rs vide “ The Carmelite C o n g reg a tio n in Malaba r.) Convents— Carmelite Tertiary Sisters o f the Syrian rite, vis- : — A t Coonemau (1866), A r a k u s b e y (1891), V a ik a m (1892), K a r u k u tt y (1899 ), Chengal (19 02 ), P a r u r (19 10 ), Ernakulam (19 15 ), Muttam (19 16 ), K oth am a n ga la m (19 18 ), Professed Nuns 171, N o v ic e s 61, Post ulants 16, Boarders 185.
A.
S e m i n a r y . T h eo lo g ica l st udents— 23 in Ap. Sem inary, Puth enpally ; 5 in St, J o s e p h ’ s Seminar y, M a n g a lo re ; 6 in the Papal Seminary, K a n d y ; and 1 in the Urba n College, Rom e. Ernakulam -— Sa cred H e a r t’ s L o w e r Sem in ary (in stitu te d in 1901). Stud ents 24. R e c to r R e v . J. L. Thekum thala. B . E
S c h o o l s F o r
B o y s
. 1.
A lw aye.— St. M a r y ’ s En glish H ig h Sch ool (1909); M an ag er : Rev. V a rg h ese Pay ap illy ; A s s t ., Rev . ft. Pathia- mula. Staff 21, St rength 566 (v ie., in the Se con dary depa rt ment 393 and in th9 Elementa ry 173). B o a rd in g house, 66 boys. 2.
S.
Ju bilee English High S ch oo l. Manag er, Parail A. J. K u n ja v a r a T h aracan . Staff
8, strength 144. 3.
Angam aly.— St. J o s e p h 's E. M.
School. Staff 6, strength 94, 4.
Sebastian’ s E. M. School, Staff 5, strength 89. 316 E r n a k u l a m . 5.
P arur.— St. P e te r ’ s E.M . School. Staff 6, s.trength 86. 6.
P arur.— St. T h o m a s’ E.M. S c h ool. Staff 1, st rength 20. 7.
Vazhakulam.— In fan t Jesus English M id dle S c h ool. Saff 7, st ren gth 23. C . E n g l i s h S c h o o l s
F
G i r l s
. U n d e r the Carm elite T e r tia r y N u ns. Chengal.— St. J o s e p h ’ s L o w e r Sec. Sch ool, Te ac h ers 5, pu pils 70. B o a r d i n g house, 45 girls. M an ager R e v . C. V ettik a - pilli.
94. M an ag er R ev. Z acharia s Par ak al. B o a r d i n g house, 17 g ir ls.
Ernakulam.— St. M a r y ’ s L o w e r Sec. School. T eachers 12, pupils 236. Board ers 51. M an ag er R ev. J. N a d u v a t c h e r r y .
M.
School. Teach ers 7, pupils 61. B oa rd er s 35. D. V . M. S c h o o l : A rak u sh e v, V a ik a m and M oo zlhkula m. Pu pils 853. E .
O t h e r
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s . ( а ) M ixed schools 250 under the local V i c a r s with 19,791. pupils. ( б ) Orphanages'. Sacred H e a r t’ s O rphanage at M ukkanur. M an ag er R e v . Th om as Panatts. Orphans 30. St. J o s e p h ’ s O rphanage at K u r u k u tt y f o r girls. Orphan s 20. ( c ) Catechumenates : 14 Catechumenates at V a sh ak u la m , K o th am a n ga lam , K is h k am pala m , Chen ga l, etc .
( « ) S o c ie t y f o r the c o n v e rs io n . P r esid en t : Most R ev. A u g u s tin e X a n d a t h i l , d .D .
( / ) St. J os ep h 's P r o v id e n t Fu nd f o r the aged and s i c k priests,
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