Lesson 56
Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses
In questions, use who for subjects and whom for direct and indirect objects and objects of
a preposition.
Who came late? (Who is the subject of the verb came.)
Whom did you drive to the party? (Whom is the direct object of the verb did drive.)
When a question includes an interrupting expression, such as did you say or do you think,
leave out the expression and say the sentence to determine whether to use who or whom.
Who do you think took the jewels? (Say: Who took the jewels? to determine that who
is the subject of the verb took.)
Use the nominative pronouns who and whoever for subjects and predicate nominatives in
subordinate clauses.
The driver knows who hit him. (Who is the subject of the noun clause who hit him.)
The witnesses identified who the speeder was. (Who is the predicate nominative of the
noun clause who the speeder was.)
The troopers will track whoever caused the crash. (Whoever is the subject of the noun
clause whoever caused the crash.)
Use the objective pronouns whom and whomever for direct and indirect objects and
objects of a preposition in subordinate clauses.
I asked whom she had chosen as lab partner. (Whom is the direct object of the verb
had chosen.)
He is someone with whom I have nothing in common. (Whom is the object of the
preposition with.)
I will work with whomever you send from the office. (Whomever is the direct object of
the verb send.)
Exercise 1
To complete each sentence, underline the correct pronoun from the pair in parentheses.
I wonder (who, whom) has not heard of Frederick Douglass.
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