Guessing vocabulary from context in reading texts
participants were not informed that the target words had been made-up by the
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participants were not informed that the target words had been made-up by the researcher. During the TAPs, the participants did not express familiarity or unfamiliarity or any problems with the target words. Therefore, during the RIs they were not asked questions related to their ideas or feelings about the nonsense words. There was only one participant, who discovered that the target words were made-up. After the training session, before he continued with the TAP, he wanted to learn whether the words were artificial. Obviously, he was told that the target vocabulary was invented; however, he was supposed to behave as if they were actual words. Then, during the TAP, he did not report any negative attitudes to guessing the meanings of nonsense words. Procedures Piloting the Reading Tasks and TAPs As the first step of data collection, the reading tasks and TAPs were piloted. Piloting for the in-class reading task was first done with 12 EFL teachers who were enrolled in the MA TEFL program at Bilkent University. Similarly, 5 MA TEFL students who were experienced teachers took part in the piloting of the reading task to be used during the TAPs. The researcher did this piloting to get their comments on the reading tasks she had designed and the made-up words she had invented. Also, from these experienced teachers, she wanted to get as many correct alternatives 43 to be used as synonyms for the target words as possible. Her colleagues provided two or three synonyms for each target word. For the in-class reading task, one native speaker of English who is a linguist was consulted. Consultation with her revealed that two of the target words were problematic in terms of the orthographic and morphological rules of English. Therefore, revisions were made in these two made-up words. As for the TAP reading task, three native speakers, two of whom are experts in teaching EFL and ESL were consulted. According to their suggestions, two of the made-up words were changed due to their similarity to a real English word. Also, as there were more words to gloss in the first paragraph than in any other paragraphs, the number of the target words in the first paragraph was decreased. One native speaker reported difficulty with the syntax of a sentence, which made it difficult to figure out the meaning for the made- up word preceding it. Therefore, revisions were made in this sentence. The revised in-class reading task was also piloted on December 22, 2005, one month before the main investigation, at Hacettepe University DBE with a class of 36 pre-intermediate students similar to the ones who participated in the main study. The task was completed in one lesson (50 minutes). None of the students reported that the text was too difficult for them to cope with. However, when I had a look at their answers to the vocabulary part in the reading task, I noticed that none of the students could find the synonyms for three words: ulomanice (identity), semify fip tole (keep up with), and pafamade (access). Another problem was with the words qunowen (flexible), hedfin (rigid), and dapolial (industrial). The majority of the students interpreted qunowen and hedfin, which are seen in the following sentences “It is true that these days, workers must be more qunowen – able to change to fit new 44 situations. But optimists claim that qunowen people are essentially happier, more creative, and more energetic than people who are hedfin.” as optimistic and pessimistic. The students had used the context to understand that these words were opposite adjectives but failed in recognizing the exact definition – able to change to fit new situations – which is provided right after the word qunowen. Likewise, most students thought that the word dapolial in the sentence “For example, people with factory jobs in dapolial nations lose their jobs when factories move to countries where the pay is lower.” means undeveloped, which is actually the opposite of what is meant in the passage. Before the main study was conducted, these words were considered again because they seemed to be problematic for the students. It was decided not to select ulomanice (identity), semify fip tole (keep up with), pafamade (access), and hedfin (rigid) as target words since no student could infer their meanings. However, no revisions were made with the words qunowen (flexible) and Download 0.63 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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