Had yordamchi fe’lidan so’ng to’g’ri fe’lga ed

a)by 5 o’clock soat beshgacha, by Friday Jumagacha, by the 20th of December 20-dekabrgacha, by the end of the year yilning oxirigacha, by that time o‘sha vaqtgacha va boshqa vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari bilan.
b)When+Past Simple ish harakat bilan
When I arrived at the party, Jahon had already gone home.

2. 
   Past Perfect Present Perfectni o’tgan zamondagi ekvavalenti sifatida ishlatiladi.
   

• 
  a)He had fixed the radio. It was working/it worked( action: had fixed- happened in the past. Result :It was working/it worked- was also in the past
  
• 
  He has fixed the radio. It is working/it works( action: has fixed- happened in the past. Result :It is working/it works- is visible in the present
  

• 
  Izoh:U radioni sozlagan edi. Radio ishlayotgan edi( ish-harakat o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’ldi, Natijasi o’tgan zamonda ko’rnib turibdi radio yana ishlayotgan edi.
  

Present Perfectda hozirda natijasi ko’rnib turgan holatlar uchun ishlatardik. Shu natijasi o’tgan zamonda ko’rnib turgan holatlar uchun Past Perfect ishlatarkanmiz.Bitta farqi Present Perfectni natijasi hozir ko’rnib turadi Past Perfectniki o’tgan zamonda

3. 
   O’tgan zamonda boshlanib o’tgan zamondagi biror vaqtgacha davom etib kelayotgan ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Ish-harakatni qanchadan beri davom etib kelayotganini For va Since orqali ifodalaymiz
   

• 
  By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. – Alex o’qishini tugatgan paytgacha, U 8 yildan beri Londonda edi.
  
• 
  On the 20th of July, I'd worked here for three months. – 20- iyulda men buyerda 3 oydan beri ishlayotgandim
  

4. 
   O’tgan zamonda ketma-ket so’dir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni tartib bilan aytsak Past Simple foydalanamiz. Agarda biz tartibni buzib bitta ish harakatdan kegin undan oldin sodir bolgan ish-harakatni aytsak o’sha oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakat uchun Past Perfectni ishlatamiz…
   

• 
  He came home late in the evening. He had visited the Museum of Fine Arts and had been to the concert. He read the newspaper and feeling tired, went to bed. - U uyga kechqurun kech keldi. U San‘at muzeyiga borgan edi va konsertda bo‘lgan edi. U gazetani o‘qidi va charchagani uchun joyiga yotdi.
  

Izoh:Misoldagi came, read, went to bed harakatlari oldinma- ketin sodir bo‘ldi, had visited va had been harakatlari esa ulardan oldin sodir bo‘lgan. Shu sababli bu ikki ish-harakat hammasidan oldin sodir bo’lganligi uchun Past Perfect ishlatildi. Ya’ni u uyga keldi va uyga kelgan gapidan keyingi ish-harakat( muzeyga borgani va konsertda bo’lgani) uyga kelishidan oldin sodir bo’lgandi. Undan keying gapalar esa ketma-ket sodir bo’lgan.

5.