Hydrology as a science

1. 
   HYDROLOGY AS A SCIENCE
   

Depending on the studied problems and research methods, several branches of hydrology are distinguished as an independent science - hydrometry, hydrography, hydrological calculations, hydrological forecasts.
Today, a new direction of hydrology - hydroecology - is emerging as a separate science. In the study of hydrology, the knowledge gained from such disciplines as physics, mathematics, chemistry, geology, geography, meteorology, climatology is of great help.
Hydrology studies chemical and biological processes in water bodies, as well as the natural properties, quality and biological resources of water bodies in them in collaboration with the sciences of hydrophysics, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology. The achievements of the sciences of hydrodynamics and hydraulics are widely used in the study of the laws of motion observed in water bodies, and in hydrological calculations and forecasts, mathematics and modern computer technology are
1. GIDROLOGIYA FANI
O'rganilayotgan muammolar va tadqiqot usullariga ko'ra gidrologiyaning bir qancha tarmoqlari mustaqil fan sifatida - gidrometriya, gidrografiya, gidrologik hisoblar, gidrologik prognozlar ajratiladi.
Bugungi kunda gidrologiyaning yangi yo‘nalishi – gidroekologiya alohida fan sifatida vujudga kelmoqda. Gidrologiyani o`rganishda fizika, matematika, kimyo, geologiya, geografiya, meteorologiya, iqlimshunoslik kabi fanlardan olingan bilimlar katta yordam beradi.
Gidrologiya fani suv havzalaridagi kimyoviy va biologik jarayonlarni hamda ulardagi suv obyektlarining tabiiy xossalari, sifati va biologik resurslarini gidrofizika, gidrokimyo, gidrobiologiya fanlari bilan hamkorlikda o‘rganadi. Suv havzalarida kuzatiladigan harakat qonuniyatlarini o‘rganishda gidrodinamika va gidravlika fanlari yutuqlaridan, gidrologik hisob va prognozlarda esa matematika va zamonaviy kompyuter texnikasidan keng foydalaniladi.

2. 
   FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY.
   

Hydrology in Uzbekistan has ancient roots. Irrigated agriculture existed in our country 6000 years ago. In the second half of the 4th millennium BC and the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC, rivers were blocked and irrigation canals were dug out of them. Since 2000 BC, large areas along the Surkhandarya oasis, the Fergana Valley, the Lower Amudarya and Zarafshan have been irrigated. In the I-IV centuries AD, Zang was excavated in Southern Uzbekistan, Bozsuv and Salor in the Tashkent oasis, Eski Angor and Tuyatortor in the Samarkand oasis, Shokhrud and Romitanrud in Bukhara, Kyrgyz and other canals in Khorezm.
There are postgraduate in our country and doctoral programs in a number of universities and research institutes, in order to train scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff in this field.