I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- K a n c h r a p a r a
- Haliyal Town.
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i S o t Buchanan found it an open town, with 352 houses, to the east of a considerable creek running through the plain. Its old name of Handipur or ‘hog town’ was changed by Haidar All to Haldipur or ‘ turmeric town.’ Haldwani.—Head-quarters of the Bhabar tract of Naini Tal District, United Provinces, situated in 29 0 13' N. and 79 0 32' E., on the road from Bareilly to Naini Tal and on the Rohilkhand and Kumaun Rail way. Population (1901), 6,624. The name is derived from the haldu trees (Adina cordifolia) which abound in the neighbourhood. Hald wani was founded in 1S34 as a mart for the hill people who visit the Bhabar in the cold season. It has now become the winter head quarters of the officers of the Kumaun Division and of Naini Tal Dis trict. Besides the offices, it contains a small jail and a dispensary, and is the head-quarters of a lahsllddr. Between 1S97 and 1904 Haldwanl was administered as a municipality, the income and expenditure during the four years ending T901 averaging Rs. 9,700 and Rs. 9,100 respec tively. In T903-4 the income was Rs. 14,000, the chief item being rents and fees (Rs. 5,500); and the expenditure was Rs. 13.000. In 1904 Haldwanl was constituted a ‘notified area.’ It is the principal
HA LTV A L TALTKA mart in the Bhabar, exporting oilseeds, forest produce, and the products of the hills. There are two schools with 77 pupils. Halebld.—Village in the nortlveast of the Beliir taluk of Hassan District, Mysore, situated in 13° 13' N. and 76° o' E., 18 miles south west of Banavar railway station. Population (1901), 1,524. Hale-lndu, ‘old capital/ marks the site of Dorasamudra or Dvaravatipura, the capital of the Hoysala kings, founded early in the eleventh century. The city was taken by the Muhammadan general Malik Kafur in 1310, and plundered of immense wealth. In 1326 another Musalman army carried off what remained, and totally destroyed the city. Its splendour is attested not only by the fabulous riches obtained from its conquest, as stated by Muhammadan historians, but by its archi tectural monuments, which still rank among the masterpieces of Hindu art. The most remarkable are the Hoysalesvara and Kedaresvara temples, the latter unfortunately in ruins. The Hoysalesvara, though never completed, was praised in the highest terms by Fergusson, as a foremost example of Hindu architecture. There are also some striking Jain bastis, but these are not decorated with the lavish sculpture of the other temples. Traces of different parts of the old city are still pointed out.
of the Twenty-four Parganas, Bengal, situated in 22 0 56' N. and 88° 29' E., on the east bank of the Hooghly. Population (1901), 10,149. It was formerly called Kumarhata, and is a noted home of pandits-, among other devotees of Gauranga, Ram Prasad Sen lived here. It was constituted a municipality in 1903. The income for six months of 1903-4 was Rs. 4,200, of which Rs. 1,600 was derived from a tax on persons (or property tax), Rs. 1,400 from a conservancy rate, and Rs. 900 from a tax on houses and lands. During the same period the expenditure amounted to Rs. 2,300. At K a n c h r a p a r a within
this municipality are the workshops of the Eastern Bengal State Railway.
Haliyal Taluka (or Supa).—Northern tdluka of North Kanara District, Bombay, lying between 14 0 54' and 15 0 32' N. nnd 74 0 15'
and 74 0 55' E., with an area of 1,057 square miles, including the Supa petty subdivision (fietl/a). It contains two towns, of which Haijyal (population, 4,992), the head-quarters, is the larger ; and 237 villages. The population in 1901 was 56,130, compared with 63,348 in 1891. Haliyal is one of the most thinly populated talukas in the District, with a density of only 53 persons per square mile. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was 1-05 lakhs, and for cesses Rs. 7,000. The taluka consists of a waving upland, seamed by the river KalTnadT and its tributaries. The north and east form an open plain. The staple crops are rice and sugar-cane. Forests of teak, black-wood, and
HALn 'ÂL TALUK A bamboo cover a large part. Haliyal has a smaller rainfall than any other taluka in the District, the annual average being only 47 inches.
North Kanara District, Bombay, situated in 15 0 20' N. and 74 0 46' E., 9 miles from the AlnSvar station on the Southern Mahratta Railway. Population (1901), 4,992,
including suburbs. Colonel Wellesley, afterwards the Duke of Wellington, visited Haliyal, and speaks highly in his Dispatches of its importance as a frontier post. The Haliyal timber dépôt supplied the best bamboo, teak, and black-wood of the North Kanara jungles before the opening of the new dépôt at Tàvar- gatti. The municipality, which dates from 1865, had an average income during the decade ending 1901 of Rs. 8,400. In 1903-4 the income was Rs. 8,700. The town contains a dispensary and four schools.
Hâlol.—Head-quarters of the petty subdivision (/>etha) of the same name in the Kalol taluka of the Panch Mahals District, Bombay, situated in 22 0 30' N. and 73 0 29' E., on the high road to Jàmbu- ghoda, about 7 miles south of Kâlol and 4 north-west of Pàvàgarh hill. Population (1901), 2,819. Besides well-to-do Kunbl cultivators, the largest class in the village, there are Vânia traders carrying on business in grain and forest produce with Jàmbughoda, and in hardware, tobacco, and cloth with Godhra and Baroda. At Hàlol is said to have been (1484) the most beautiful of all the gardens for which Chàmpâner was famous. The chief relic of its former prosperity as a suburb of Chàmpâner is a reservoir of considerable size to the north-east. Near the present site is a mausoleum, which was described in 1785 as con sisting of two large and five small domed structures, all of admirable workmanship, the two larger containing marble tombs adorned with excellent skill. Since then some of the domes have fallen, but in other respects the buildings are in good repair. They were raised by Bahadur Shah (1526-37) in honour of his brother Sikandar Shah, who was murdered by Imàd-ul-mulk in 1526 (May 30) after a reign of three months and seventeen days. The mausoleum contains two other tombs—one to NasTr Khan, the other to LatTf Khan, both of them brothers of Bahadur Shah, who died in the same year (1526). The town contains a dispensary, and two schools for boys and one for girls, attended by 181 and 51 pupils respectively. Halsi (or Halasige).—Village in the Khànàpur tâluka of Belgaum District, Bombay, situated in 15 0 32' N. and 74 0 36' E., about 10 miles south-east of Khànàpur. Population (1901), 2,192. Halsi stands on an ancient site, which was the chief capital of the early Kadambas ( a . d . 500) and a minor capital of the Goa Kadambas (980-1250). Two large temples (Varàhnarsinglvs and Suvarneshwar’s) stand in the village, and a third (Ràmeshwar’s) on a hill about 2 miles to the west. HAM IK PUR DISTRICT There is an inscription, dated a . d . 1169, on the temple of Varah- narsingh. About 1860, six copperplates were found in a mound close to a small well called Chakratirth, on the Nandgad road, about 3 miles north of Halsi, recording grants by an old dynasty of Kadamba kings, whose capitals were at Banvasi and Halsi, and who were Jains by faith. They may be assigned to about the fifth century
Halsi is also called Palashika, Palshi, and Halasige in inscriptions. The village contains a boys’ school with 66 pupils. Halvad. —Fortified town in the State of Dhrangadhra, Kathiawar, Bombay, situated in 23 0 1' N. and 71 0 14' E., 85 miles south-west of Ahmadabad. Population (1901),
5,312. Halvad
was once
the capital of the State, and is said to resemble a plough in shape, its name being popularly derived from this peculiarity. It possesses a fine palace built on the Samatsar lake, and a number of satl memorial stones with several old temples. Hamirpur District.—District in
the Allahabad Division of
the United Provinces, lying between 25 0 5' and 26° 7' N. and 79 0 17'
and 8o° 21' E., with an area of 2,289 square miles. It is bounded 011 the north by the Jumna, which separates it from Cawnpore and Fateh- pur, and by the Betwa, which divides it from Jalaun and the Native State of Baoni; on the west the Dhasan separates it from Jhansi ; on the south lie the States of Alipura, Chhatarpur, and CharkharT; and on the east the District marches with Banda. The Native States of Sarlla, JignI, and Behat, and portions of Charkhari and Garrauli form enclaves, entirely surrounded by British territory. HamTrpur lies chiefly in the great plain of Bundelkhand, which stretches between the banks of the Jumna and the outer scarps of the Vindhyan plateau. The hilly southern region is broken by scattered outlying . spurs and isolated hills, some distance from the main aspects 1
Vindhyan range, which does not enter the District. Their general elevation does not exceed 300 feet above the Jumna valley, or about 800 feet above the sea. Though the hills are usually treeless, the scenery is picturesque, owing to their rugged outlines, and some of the artificial lakes are exceptionally beautiful. These mag nificent reservoirs were constructed by the Gaharwar and Chandel Rajas, before the Muhammadan conquest, as sheets of ornamental water, and consist of valleys or depressions hemmed in by rocky hills and massive artificial dams. Some of them enclosc craggy islets or peninsulas crowned by the ruins of granite temples. The largest lake near
M a h o u a has a circumference of more than 4 miles ; and several lakes are used for irrigation. North of the hill and lake country the plain spreads in an arid and almost treeless level towards the banks of the rivers. Of these, the principal are the Betwa, and its tributary the Dhasiln, neither of which is navigable. The chief drainage channel 14 ffAM IK PUR DISTRICT in the centre of the District is the Birma Nadi, a tributary of the Betwa.
Most of the District consists of Gangetic alluvium, which conceals the underlying rocks, except in the southern hills, where the Bundel khand gneiss is exposed. The District is remarkable for the absence of trees. At the com mencement of the eighteenth century one-third of it was densely wooded ; but the jungle has been largely cleared. In the lower hills and valleys kLiair (Acacia Catechu), sej (Lagerstroemia parviflora),
most valuable trees, but are of poor quality. In the plains the tamarind, nii/i (Melia Azadirachta), and mahud (Bassia Latifolia) are commonly found. The mango is rare. Leopards, hyenas, wolves, jackals, antelope, and hog are fairly common, while a few sdmbar and cLiltal are also found. The usual game-birds occur, and fish, including mahseer, are common in the livers and lakes. The climate of Hamirpur is dry and hot, owing to the absence of shade and the bareness of the soil. The annual rainfall averages about 36 inches, varying from 33 in the north to 39 in the south. In 1868-9 on ty
l 7 inches were received, and in 1894-5 more than 56 inches. The earliest traditions connected with the District relate that it was ruled by Gaharwar Rajputs, to whom the construction of some of the . embankments forming the lakes is attributed. They * were followed by the Parihars, to whom succeeded the Chandels about the middle of the ninth century. During the Chandel supremacy in B undelkhand , M
ahoha in the south of Hamirpur District was one of the chief capitals of that dynasty. The Chandels adorned the town and its neighbourhood with many splendid edifices, remains of which still exist; they also constructed some of the noble artificial lakes already described. In 1182 Parmal Deva was defeated by Prithwl Raj, the Chauhan ruler of Delhi; after which disaster the Chandel princes abandoned Mahoba and sank in impor tance, though they still occupied the hill fort of K alinjar
in Banda District. About twenty years later Mahoba was conquered by Kutb- ud-din, and with occasiomil interruptions remained in the hands of the Musahnans till the close of the seventeenth century. In 1680 the District came into the possession of Chhatarsal, the great national hero of the Bundelas, and was the theatre of many battles during his long struggle with the imperial forces under Muhammad Khan, the Bangash Nawab of Farrukhabad and governor of Allahabad. On his death about 1734 he bequeathed to his ally, the Peshwa of the Maraihas, one-third of his territories ; and Mahoba formed a portion POPULATION ■5 of the region so granted. The larger part of the present District of Hamirpur fell to his son, Jagat Raj. During the next seventy years the District continued under the government of his descendants, who, however, carried on among themselves that intestine warfare which was universal in Bundelkhand throughout the latter half of the eighteenth century. Rival Rajas had forts in every village, and one after the other collected their revenue from the same estates. Moreover, the Bundela princes were opposed by the Maratha chieftains; and All Bahadur, an illegitimate descendant of the Pesliwa, who had made himself Nawab of Banda, succeeded in 1790 in annexing a portion of the District. He was defeated by the British and died in 1802. The British District of Bundelkhand was formed in the succeeding year (1803), a part being granted to our ally, Himmat Bahadur, as the price of his allegiance. The town of Mahoba itself, with the surrounding country, remained in the hands of the Pandits of Jalaun, until, on the death of their last representative in 1840, it lapsed to the British. The pargana known as Jaitpur was ruled by the descendants of Chhatarsal until 1842, when the last Raja, believing that our reverses at Kabul would prove fatal to British rule, revolted, and having been easily captured was removed to Cawnpore, receiving a pension of Rs. 2,000 a month. Jaitpur was handed over to another claimant, who mortgaged it to the Government, and died without issue in 1849. His territories lapsed, and have since formed part of Hamirpur. The later history of the District up to 1857 is chiefly concerned with the difficulties of fiscal administration, which will be described later. On the outbreak of the Mutiny, Hamirpur exhibited the same return to anarchy which characterized the whole of Bundelkhand. On June 13, 1857, the 53rd Native Infantry broke into mutiny, and the massacre of Europeans began the next day. Only one Christian escaped with life. The surrounding native chiefs set up rival claims to portions of the British territory and plundered all the principal towns. The Charkhari Raja alone maintained a wavering allegiance, which grew firmer as the forces
of General
Whitlock approached Mahoba. That
town was
reached in September, 1858, and the fort of Srinagar was destroyed. After a short period of desultory guerrilla warfare in the hilly regions of Bundelkhand, the rebels were effectually quelled ¿uid the work of reorganization began. The most important remains of the Chandels in this District are at M ahoba , but the finest temple of large size is the three-steepled granite edifice at Makarbai, 8 miles away. Hamirpur contains 7 towns and 756 villages. Population is liable to considerable variations, owing to vicissitudes of ^ ulation seiison. The numbers at the last four enumerations ’ were: (1872) 529,137, (1881) 507,337, (1S91) 513,720, and (iyci) i 6 HAM IR PUR DISTRICT 458,542. Tliere are five tahsils—HamIrpur, Rath, Kulpahar, Mahoba, and
Maudaha—each named
after its
head-quarters. The
principal towns are Rath, Mahoba, and HamIrpur, the District head-quarters. The following table gives the chief statistics of population in 1901 : —
Area in squaie miles. Number of Population. Population per square mile. Percentage of variation in population be tween 1891 and 1901. Number of persons able to read and write. Towns.
Villages. IiamTrpiir . 376 2
71,625 I90
- II.7 2,800
Rath . . 574
I 179
1
25,731 219 - 0.9
3 , 99 ° Kulpahar . 558 2
111,926 201
- 12-3
3,003 Mahobâ . . 329 1
61,938 188
-16.5 2,oS
I Maudahà. . 452 1
87 j 322 >93 - 1 5 - 9 3-333 District total 2,289 7
458,542 200
— 10-9 I 5,207 The considerable decrease between 1891 and 1901 was due to a series of bad seasons, culminating in the famine of 1895-7. The density of population is approximately the same as that of the surrounding Bundelkhand Districts, but is less than half the Provincial average. Almost the whole population speak Western Hindi, the prevailing dialect being Bundeli, which is, however, mixed with BaghelT. Chamärs (tanners and cultivators), 64,000, are the most numerous Hindu caste; followed by Lodhis or Lodhas (agriculturists), 53,000; Brähmans, 49,000;
Ahlrs, 31,000;
Rajputs, 27,000;
and Kächhis, 24,000. Basors, numbering 11,000, who perform low menial duties, and Khangärs, 7,000, who are watchmen and thieves, though they claim to have once held the country, are not found outside the District in considerable numbers. Agriculture supports 64 per cent, of the population, and general labour 6 per cent. Brähmans, Rajputs, and Lodhas are the chief holders of land; and the same castes, followed by Kächhis and Chamärs, are the principal cultivators. A mission was opened at Mahoba by an American society in 1895, and there are branches at Rath and Maudahä; but in 1901 there were only 223 native Christians in the District. The most important distinction between different parts of the District follows the distribution of different classes of soil. These fall into two Agriculture ma ’ n classes : the black or heavy soils, and the light ' soils. The former are called mär and käbar, and the latter partvCi; but near the rivers, where denudation has impoverished the soils, a coarse gravelly soil is found, called räkar. In the north of the District the black soils predominate, while in the south there is a great deal of poor light soil overlying the rocks. Mär is the most fertile soil, and retains moisture for a long time, though an excess of AGRICULTURE *7 rain makes it unworkable. Kdbar differs from mar in that it is more easily affected by either excess or deficiency of rainfall. The autumn crops, which are usually sown broadcast, cover a larger area than the spring harvest. The ordinary tenures of the United Provinces are found, but pattiddri and bhaiyachard mahdls predominate : some of the latter are extra ordinarily large. The main agricultural statistics for 1903-4 are given below, in square miles :—
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