I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
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- Hamirpur Tahsll.
- S u j a n p u r T i r a .
T o t a l . C u l t i v a t e d . I r r i g a t e d . C u l t i v a b l e w a s t e . H a m T r p u r . . 3 7 6
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2 2 3 0 2 1 4 0 T o t a l 2 , 2 8 9 1 , 1 3 2 2 S 6 5 6 N o t e . — S t a t i s t i c s f o r t h e H a m l r p u r a n d M a u d a h a tahslls a r e f o r 1 9 0 2 - 3 . Gram and jowdr are the principal food-crops, covering 279 and 265 square miles respectively, or 25 and 23 per cent, of the net cul tivated area. Oilseeds (240 square miles) and cotton (S4) are the most important non-food crops; while arhar, kodon, wheat, bdjra, and barley cover 94, 43, 76, 43, and 34 square miles. A little sugar cane is grown in the south and west, and pan is cultivated in the south.
Like all the Bundelkhand Districts, HamTrpur is subject to cycles of varying agricultural prosperity, and no permanent advance can be traced. Either excess or deficiency of rainfall causes land to remain untilled ; and the result is the spread of a grass called kdus (Saccharum spontaneum), which cannot be eradicated without much trouble, though it dies out after a varying period of ten to fifteen years. The spring crops are also liable to rust. The most striking change in recent years was the replacement of wheat by gram or millet, both inferior crops, after the famine of 1895-7 ; but the area under wheat is again increasing. A valuable red dye was formerly obtained from a plant called dZ (.Morinda citrifolia) ; but its cultivation has ceased owing to the intro duction of aniline colours. Considerable sums have been advanced under the Land Improvement and Agriculturists’ Loans Acts, amounting to a total of Rs. 2,64,000 during the ten years ending 1900, of which 2 lakhs was advanced in the three bad years 1896-8. Between 1901 and 1904 the total advances were Rs. 82,000. In 1867 six bulls were imported from Hansi and Ilissar, but the cross had little effect in improving the District breed, which is on the whole inferior. Renewed attempts have recently been made to
I [AMIR PUR DISTRICT introduce a better strain. No horse-breeding operations are carried on. The sheep and goats are superior to those bred in the Doab, and are thus in some request outside the District. The water-supply is defective in almost every part, and difficulties sometimes occur in supplying water for cattle. It has already been stated that the black soils retain moisture, and with ordinary seasons irrigation is not much required in them. In 1903-4 the total irrigated area was 28 square miles, of which 4 square miles were supplied by a branch of the Betwa Canal in the north of the District, and 1 square mile by the artificial lakes in the south. Wells supplied 22 square miles, being most used in the light panvd soil in the central and southern parts. A project for a canal from the Dhasan near the south-west corner of the District has been sanctioned; it will water the western portion between the Birma and the Dhasan. Soapstone is quarried at one place, and used for making toys, parts of hukkas, vases, Szc. The roads in the south are metalled with broken granite, and elsewhere with kankar or nodular limestone, which is also used for making lime. HamTrpur District is almost entirely agricultural, and beyond the few requirements of the people which can be satisfied locally, there are few industries. Coarse red cotton cloth is the only communications. im P ortant manufacture, and the silver ware of Mau- daha is the sole product of artistic merit. A little saltpetre is made
in places.
There are
small cotton-presses at Kulpahar and Mahoba, and at the former place hay is pressed into bales for export. The noticeable feature in the trade of the District is the absence of large central markets. Joivdr, bdjra, wheat, gram, cotton, ghi, pan, oilseeds, and cloth are exported in favourable seasons ; while sugar, tobacco, spices, rice, salt, piece-goods, and metals are imported. The trade of the north of the District is by road with Cawnpore, while the railway carries the produce of the southern part.
is the most important trade centre, and the other markets are essentially local, merchants or their agents dealing on the spot with the cultivators and small village traders. The Midland branch of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway from Jhansi to Manikpur passes through the south of the District. The roads have recently been improved, but communications are still back ward, and during the rains many of the unmetalled roads become almost impassable. About 100 miles are metalled, of which 55 are maintained at the cost of Provincial revenues, and 419 miles are unmetalled. Avenues of trees are kept up on 122 miles of road. The principal routes are the roads from Cawnpore through HamTrpur town, Maudaha, and Mahoba to Saugor ; from Hamirpur, through Rath, to Harpalpur A DAfhYIS TRA TIOX 19 and Kulpahar railway stations; and from HamTrpur through the east of the District to Panwari on the railway. The District appears to have escaped the terrible famines of 1783 and 1803-4. In 1813-4, however, it suffered severely, and again in 1819 the food supply failed, though the people had ^ . money, gained by the high prices of cotton in * previous years. A succession of bad seasons culminating in the drought of
1833-4 led
to famine,
pestilence, and
emigration, which reduced the population by a half, and were long remem bered. Distress was less severe in 1837-8, but was still great. The District escaped famine in its worst form till 1868-9, when the failure of the rains caused the loss of the harvest, and people were reduced to eating the refuse of oilseeds, and roots and herbs. There was also great mortality among the cattle. The drought of 1877-8 did not seriously affect Hamirpur. Early in 1894 rust damaged the spring crops, and the rains of that year destroyed the autumn harvest. In 1895 rust was again bad, and the rains ceased prematurely, causing much distress. Relief works were required early in 1896, and the still shorter rainfall of that year caused severe famine. The works were kept open till August, 1897, at a total cost of nearly 9 lakhs, besides expenditure on relief by other methods. The Mahoba and Kulpahar tahslls are included in the subdivision of Mahoba, which is usually in charge of a resident Joint-Magistrate. The Collector is also assisted by two Deputy- . . . Collectors recruited in India, and a tahsilddr is Administratl0n * stationed at the head-quarters of each tahsil. There is one District Munsif, and the whole District is included in the Civil and Sessions Judgeship of Banda. In former times Hamirpur was noted for dacoity and robberies ; but crime is not exceptionally serious now. The escape of criminals is, however, facilitated by the way in which Native and British territory are intermingled. Female infanticide was formerly suspected, but no villages have been under surveillance since 1900. Most of the present District was acquired in 1803-4, when it was included in the District of Bundelkhand. In T819 this was divided into a northern and southern portion, the former, called KalpT, in cluding parts of the present Jalaun District and the northern parts of Hamirpur. In 1821 the head-quarters were moved to Hamirpur town. The Maratha method of administration was briefly a system of rack-rent pitched at the highest rate which could be paid. The ear liest settlements, though based on the tahsllddrs’ unreliable estimates and the village papers, were moderate and well distributed. From 1810, however, enhancements were made, and in 1816 the revenue of that portion of the District which was then British territory was raised C 2
2 0 i / am I rpur district
from 9-i to 14-7 lakhs. In the succeeding short-term settlements the revenue, though reduced, was still excessive; and after the famine of 1833-4 half the estates in the District had been resigned by their proprietors. Speculations in land and corruption among the native officials added to the difficulties of administration. The first regular settlement, preceded by a professional survey, was made in 1842 for most of the District; the southern portions, which were acquired sub sequently, being regularly settled at later dates. The assessment was based on rates which had been fixed for a large part of Bundelkhand ; it was moderate and worked well. The demand for the area referred to above was 9-8 lakhs, and the demand for the whole District io-8 lakhs. This demand was revised in 1877-9, when the revenue fixed amounted to 10-7 lakhs. Soil rates were framed to calculate the ' assets,’ and the valuation was revised with reference to the recorded rental, fiscal history, and actual condition of each village. The term of settlement was twenty years, and in 1893 it was decided to prolong this period for ten years more. The famine of 1895-7, however, led to extensive reductions, and an experiment was made in fluctuating assessments. In 1905
the whole District came under settlement according to the new system devised for Bundelkhand, by which the revenue will be liable to revision every five years in case of considerable variations in cultivation. The present demand for land revenue is 8-2 lakhs, or an incidence of less than 11 annas per acre, varying in different parts from 8 annas to R. 1. Collections on account of land revenue and total revenue have been, in thousands of rupees :—
[ Land revenue . . 10,68 10,77 9,76 7,74 1 Total revenue . . 11,65 13,83 >2,50 9,94 No municipalities have been constituted, but seven towns are administered under Act XX of 1856. Local affairs beyond the limits of these are managed by the District board, which in 1903-4 had an income and expenditure of 1-2 lakhs. The expenditure includes Rs. 75,000 on roads and buildings. There are 21 police stations. The District Superintendent of police controls a force of 3 inspectors, 79 subordinate officers, and 334 constables, besides 86 town police, and 1,161 rural and road police. The District jail contained a daily average of 79 prisoners in 1903. Hamlrpur compares favourably with other Districts in the United Provinces as regards literacy. This is the more remarkable in a purely agricultural community. In 1901, 3-3 per cent. (6-5 males and o-i HAMlRPUR TOJVN females) could read and write. The total number ot public schools rose from 91 in 1880-1 to 98 in 1900-1, and the number of pupils from
3 , 5 5 1 to 3,720. There were 131 such schools in 1903-4, with 4>993 pupils, including 64 girls, besides 52 private schools with 708 pupils. Only 955 out of the total number were in secondary classes. Two of the schools are managed by Government and 97 by the District board. Out of a total expenditure on education of Rs. 32,000, only Rs. 2,600 was met from fees and the balance was charged to Local funds. There were five dispensaries and hospitals in 1903, with accom modation for 64 in-patients. In 1903 the number of cases treated was 26,000, including 575 in-patients, and 1,100 operations were performed. The expenditure was Rs. 5,400, chiefly met from Local funds. About 21,000 persons were successfully vaccinated in 1903-4, repre senting the high proportion of 45 per 1,000 of population, although vaccination is not compulsory in any part of the District. [
, 1874 (under revision); \V. E. Neale, Settlement Report , 1880.]
Hamlrpur Tahsil.—North-eastern tahsll
of Hamlrpur District, United Provinces, comprising the
of Hamlrpur and Sumerpur, and lying between 25° 42'and 26° 7'N. and 79°5i'and 8o°
E.,
with an area of 376 square miles. Population fell from 81,133 In I
£'9 1
to 71,625 in 1901. There are 124 villages and two towns: H a m I r p u r
(population, 6,721), the District and tahsll head-quarters, and Sumerpur (4,039). The demand for land revenue in 1904-5 was Rs. 1,34,000, and for cesses Rs. 28,000. The density of population, 190 persons per square mile, is slightly below the District average. On the north flows the Jumna, while the Betwa runs almost due east through the centre of the
to join it. The soil is chiefly fertile, but becomes lighter near the junction of the two rivers, and a network of ravines fringes the banks of both the Jumna and the Betwa. In 1902-3 only 2 square miles were irrigated, out of 183 square miles under cultivation. The Bctwa Canal serves a small area in the north. Hamlrpur Town.—Head-quarters of the District and
of the same name, United Provinces, situated in 25 0 58' N. and 8o° 9' E., on a tongue of land near the confluence of the Bctwa and Jumna, and on the metalled road from Cawnpore to Saugor. Population (1901), 6,721. According to tradition, it was founded in the eleventh century by Hamir Deo, a Karchuli Rajput expelled from Alwar by the Muhamma dans. Under Akbar it was the hcad-quartcrs of a
or
pargana. The ruins of Hamir’s fort and a few Musalman tombs are the only relics of antiquity. Several Europeans were murdered here during the Mutiny. Besides the usual public ofliccs, there is a dispensary. The 2 2 IIAM IR PUR TOWN town is administered under Act XX of 1856, with an income of about Rs. 2,100. There is a little trade in grain. The District school has 64 pupils, and a middle school 142. Hamirpur Tahsll.—Tahsll of
Kangra District, Punjab, lying
between 31 0 25' and 31 0 58' N. and 76° 9' and 76° 44' E., with an area of 602 square miles. It is bounded on the south by Bilaspur State and on the east by Mandi State, and lies between the Beas on the north and the Sutlej on the south. The north-east corner is rugged and inaccessible, and the Sola Singhi range runs along the south-west border. Broken masses of hills cover almost all the tahsll, but in some parts there are stretches of fairly level ground. The population in 1901 was 161,424, compared with 162,705 in 1891. It contains 64 villages, including HamTrpur, the head-quarters, and S u j a n p u r T i r a . The
land revenue and cesses amounted in 1903-4 to 1-9 lakhs. Hampi.—Village in Bellary District, Madras. Site of V i j a y a n a g a r . Hamun-i-Lora. —A depression in the Chagai District of Baluchistan, lying between 29 0 8' and 29 0 37' N. and 64° 44' and 64° 59' E. It is about 38 miles long, with an average breadth of 6 miles. It receives the spill of the Pishin Lora, but, except after heavy rains, can be crossed in any direction. The surface is white and impregnated with salt. Small rocky hills rise to the south, the principal being Kaftar and Gaukoh. Hamun-i-Mashkel.—A large depression on the western frontier of Baluchistan, lying between 28° 2' and 28° 30' N. and 62° 36' and 63° 27' E. Its length from east to west is about 54 miles, and its breadth varies from 8 to 22 miles. It receives drainage from the south, east, and north, the principal supplies being from the Mashkel and Morjen rivers. There is never much water in it except for a short time after heavy rain. The greater part is covered with white saline efflor escence, and at Wad-i-Sultan is a small area containing good hard salt. On the north-west, and forming a separate basin, lies the Hamun-i- Tahlab.
Hanamkonda.—Head-quarters of the Warangal Division and Dis trict, Hyderabad State, situated in 18 0 i' N. and 79 0 34' E., near the stations of Kazipet and Warangal on the Nizam’s State Railway. Popu lation (1901), 10,487. According to local tradition, it was the capital of the surrounding country before the foundation of Warangal. The
Nandagiri (Nander), on whose death the kingdom was divided between his two sons, one ruling at Hanamkonda and the other at Kandahar. Ballahundu, king of Cuttack, having killed Somadeo, the king of Kan dahar, Siriyal Devi, wife of the latter, fled to Hanamkonda, and gave birth to a posthumous son, Madhava Varma, who succeeded to the throne as the first king of the Kakatlya line. This event is placed about
a . D . 314, but the Kakatlyas are not referred to in authentic HANG A L TOWN records before the middle of the twelfth century (see W a r a n g a l D i s t r i c t ) . Hanamkonda contains some
very interesting buildings, of
which the ‘thousand-pillared’ temple is specially noteworthy. It was built in 1162 in the Chalukyan style by the last Hindu dynasty, and consists of three spacious detached halls with a portico supported by nearly 300 pillars. Opposite the portico is a star-shaped mandapa supported on 200 pillars, three of which bear old Telugu and Sanskrit inscriptions. Near the temple is a fine well. Around Hanamkonda several Jain figures are cut in the rocks, close to the ruined town of Hanmantgiri. There arc two large tanks on each side of the town. The modern town of Hanamkonda extends from near KazTpet on the west to Mathwada on the east. It contains the offices of the Subahdar, the Divisional and District civil courts, the District and Irrigation Engineer’s offices, the survey office, several schools, a Central jail, the Talukdar’s offices, a large dispensary and two Yunani dispensaries, an American Mission school and hospital, and a District post office. Handia.—North-eastern
of
Allahabad District, United Pro
vinces, comprising the parganas of Mali and Kiwai, and lying between 25 0 16' and 25 0 36' N. and 82° 2' and 82° 21' E., along the northern bank of the Ganges, with an area of 287 square miles. Population fell from 187,089 in 1891 to r83,28i in igor. There are 582 villages, but no town. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was Rs. 3,24,000, and for cesses Rs. 52,000. The density of population, 639 persons per square mile, is considerably above the District average. Most of the
are situated in the upland, and are separated by a high ridge. There is a little alluvial land near the Ganges. In 1903-4 the area under cultivation was 186 square miles, of which 88 were irrigated, tanks or jhlls supplying nearly one-third of the total, and wells the remainder. Hangal Taluka.—South-eastern tdluka of Dharwar District, Bom bay, lying between r4° 35' and 14 0 55' N. and 75 0 \' and 75 0 20' E., with an area of 300 square miles. It contains one town, Download 5.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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