I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Haraoti and Tonk Agency.
- S t a l e . A r e a i n s q u a r e m i l e s . P o p u l a t i o n , 1 9 0 1 .
- ( 7 , 0 0 S h â h p u r a . .
i n M a h I K a x t h a , Bombay.
Hapur TahsII.—South-eastern tahsil of
Meerut District, United Provinces, comprising the parganas of Hapur, Sarawa, Garhmuktesar, and Puth, and lying between 28° 35' and 28° 54' N. and 77 0 41' and 78° 12' E., with an area of 41 r square miles. The population rose from 212,047 ln to
n 1901. There are 292 villages and two towns,
(population, 17,796), the tahsil head-quarters, and
(7,616). In 1903-4 the demand for land revenue was Rs. 4,04,000, and for cesses Rs. 68,000. The density of popu lation is low for this District, being only 592 persons per square mile. On the east there is a considerable area of khddar land bordering on the Ganges, which forms the eastern boundary. Above this lies a broad stretch of upland, much of which is intersected by ridges of sand ; but irrigation from the Anupshahr branch of the Upper Ganges Canal has rendered the cultivation of most of this productive. In the cast the Kali Nadi runs through high bhf/r, and other streams How in narrow deeply cut channels. Many drains have been made to carry off the flood-water from above, but the tract is still precarious. In 1903-4 the area under cultivation was 320 square miles, of which 112 were irrigated. Hapur Town (or Hapar). Head quarters of the tahsil of the same name in Meerut District, United Provinces, situated in 28° 43' N. and 77 0
the Moradabad-Delhi branch of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway. 'The population rose from 14,977 in 1891 to 17,796 in 1901. Hindus number 10,038 and Musn.lma.ns 7,518. The town is said to have been (-ailed Ilaripur after Har Dat, the Dor chieftain who founded it late in the tenth century ; but another derivation is from hapar, meaning ‘the orchard.’ It formed part of the jdgir of Perron, the French 4 o
general in the service of the Maratha chief Sindhia. He established a system of grants for his disabled veterans, which was maintained by the British for many years. In 1805 Ibrahim All, the tahslldar, defended the place against Amir Khan, the Pindari freebooter. During the Mutiny, Walldad Khan of Malagarh threatened Hapur, but was obliged to retire by the loyal Jats of Bhatauna. The town is sur rounded by several fine groves, and the site in the centre near the Jama Masjid, which was built during the reign of x\urangzeb, stands high. Around the town are numerous small excavations often full of stagnant water, and the largest of these is connected with the Chhoiya Nala, a tributary of the K ali N ad T (E ast ),
which drains most of the town. The drainage system has been greatly improved of late years. The principal public offices are the tahslll, a dispensary, and an Anglo-vernacular school. The Church Missionary Society and the American Methodist Mission have branches here. Hapur was con stituted a municipality in 1872. During the ten years ending 1901 the income and expenditure averaged Rs. 17,000. In 1903-4 the income was Rs. 25,000, chiefly derived from octroi (Rs. 17,000) ; and the expenditure was Rs. 22,000. There is considerable local trade in .sugar, grain, cotton, bamboos, and brass vessels. Two steam cotton gins employ 263 hands. In 1904 there were 11 schools with 408 pupils.
Haraiya.—South-western tahsil of Bast! District, United Provinces, comprising the parganas of Amorha, Nagar (West), and Basti (West), and lying along the Gogra, between 26° 36' and 27 0 N. and 82° 13' and 82° 43' E., with an area of 478 square miles. Population fell from 351,609 in 1891 to 333,801 in 1901, this being the only tahsil in the District which showed a decrease. There are 1,461 villages, but 110 town. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was Rs. 3,84,000, and for cesses Rs. 73,000. The density of population, 698 persons per square mile, is above the District average. The tahsil lies in the upland area above the Gogra, and is crossed by the Kuwana and several smaller streams. The area under cultivation in 1903-4 was 338 square miles, of which 2ir were irrigated. Wells supply three-fourths of the irrigated area, and tanks and swamps most of the remainder. Haraoti and Tonk Agency.—A Political Charge in Rajputana, comprising the States of Bundi and Tonk and the chiefship of Shahpura, lying mostly in the south-east of Rajputana. The head quarters of the Political Agent are ordinarily at Deoli, a cantonment in the British District of Ajmer. The term ‘ Haraoti ’ means the country of the Hara Rajputs (a sept of the great Chauban clan), or, in other words, the territories of Bundi and Kotah. In former times, both these States were under the same Political officer, who was styled Political Agent of Haraoti, but a separate Agent was appointed at
HARCHOKA 4 1 Kotah in 1876.
The Tonk State consists of six scattered districts, three in Rajputana and three in Central India ; the latter are to some extent under the political charge of certain officers of the Central India Agency.
(See C hhahra , P irawa
, and S ironj
.) The population of the Haraoti and Tonk Agency has varied from 644,480 in
1881 and
739)39° m i8 9 t to 487,104 in 1901,
the decrease of 34
per cent, during the last decade being due chiefly to the famine of 1899-1900 and the severe type of malarial fever which followed it. The total area is 5,178
square miles, and the density of population is 94
persons per square mile, as compared with 76 for Rajputana as a whole. In point of size the Agency ranks sixth, and as regards population, last among the political divisions of Rajputana. In 1901 Hindus
formed 86
per cent, and Musalmans 10
per cent, of the total popu lation. Particulars for the States and the chiefship in the Agency are given below :—
4 ° 5 4 2 , 6 7 6 1 , 7 0 | T o t a l 5 ? 1 7 S 4 s 7 ,
1 0 4
T h e r e a r e a l t o g e t h e r 2,238
v i l l a g e s a n d 8
o f T o n k (38,759) a n d B u n d i (19,3x3), t h e l a t t e r a r e v e r y s m a l l . Harappa.—Ancient town in the District and iahsll of Montgomery, Punjab, situated in 30° 38' N. and 72 0 52' E., on the North-Western Railway. Population (1901), 1,030. ]t is identified by Cunningham as the town of the Malli, mentioned in Arrian as that into which a great body of Indians fled for safety, and against which Perdiccas was sent with Alexander’s cavalry. The ruins extend over an area three miles in circumference, covered with fragments of large bricks. The principal remains occupy a mound forming an irregular square, with sides about half a mile in length. On the western side, where the mass of ruins lies, the mound rises to a height of 60 feet, and encloses solid walls built of huge bricks, apparently belonging to some extensive building, ('loins of early date have been picked up amongst the debris. Tradition assigns the foundation of the ancient city to an eponymous Raja Harappa. The place is now a village of no importance, but was once the head-quarters of a iahsll. Harchoka.—Village in the Chang Bhakar State, Central Provinces, situated in 23 0 52' N. and 8i° 43' E., on the Muwahi river close 42 IfARCllOKA to the northern boundary of the State. The remains of extensive rock excavations, supposed to be temples and monasteries, were discovered here in 1S70-1 ; they appear to be the work of a more civilized race than the present inhabitants of the State. Harda Tahsll.—Western tahsll of
Hoshangabad District, Central Provinces, lying between 21 0 53' and 22 0 35' N. and 76° 47' and 77 0
tion in that year was 131,438, compared with 143,839 in 1891. In 1904, 38 villages and the Kalibhlt tract of ‘reserved’ forest were transferred to Niinar, and the revised totals of area and population are 1,139 square miles and 128,858 persons. The density is 113 persons per square mile. The tahsll contains one town,
(population, 16,300), the head-quarters; and 400 inhabited villages. Excluding 279 square miles of Government forest, 78 per cent, of the available area is occupied for cultivation. The cultivated area in 1903-4 was 521 square miles. The demand for land revenue in the same year was Rs. 2,28,000, and for cesses Rs. 22,000. The northern portion of the
depth and fertility. In the west there are some low hills, while to the south the Satpura range runs through the tahsll. The small Feudatory State of Makrai lies in the centre. Harda Town. -Head-quarters of the tahsll of the same name, Hoshangabad District, Central Provinces, situated in 22 0 21' N. and 77 0 6' E., 011 the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, 417 miles from Bombay. Population (1901), 16,300. Harda is the tenth town in the Province in size. It is comparatively modern, Handia, an old Muham madan town, 12 miles distant, having formerly been the principal place in this part of the valley. It was constituted a municipality in 1869. The municipal receipts during the decade ending 1901 averaged Rs. 36,000. In 1903-4 they amounted to Rs. 66,000, of which Rs. 50,000 was derived from octroi. The town is supplied with water from the Anjan river, a mile and a half distant, but the works are at present incomplete. Infiltration and pumping wells were sunk in the river in 1896; but owing to the famine in that year, the Govern ment loan which the municipality required for their completion could not be allotted. In 1900, when there was a scarcity (if water, a small pump was set up in the infiltration well, and water was conveyed to some stand-pipes in the southern end of the town, and subsequently to the bathing ghat. The total expenditure on the works has been Rs. 52,000. Harda is an important commercial centre for the export of grain. Four cotton-ginning factories, three of which also contain presses, have been opened since 1899. 'Their combined capital is 3-15 lakhs, and in 1904 they cleaned and pressed cotton to the value of Rs. 56,000. The town also contains railway workshops. Local handi
IIA R DO I DISTRICT 43 crafts include the manufacture of brass vessels and of thick cloths for the tops of carts, and the preparation and stuffing of skins. There is a printing press with English and Hindi type. A subdivisional officer for the two tahslls of Harda and Seoni-Malwa is stationed here. The Foreign Christian Missionary Society supports, with the assistance of Government grants, a high school with 21 pupils, and an English middle school. There are three dispensaries, two of which are main tained by the railway company and the mission. Hardoi
District.—Western District of the
Lucknow Division, United Provinces, lying between 26° 53'and 27 0 47' X. and 79 0 41'
and So° 49' E., with an area of 2,331 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Shahjahanpur and KherT; on the east by the GumtT river, which separates it from Sitapur; on the south by Lucknow and Unao; and on the west by Cawnpore and Farrukhabad, the Ganges forming part of the boundary. HardoT is a level plain, with unimportant elevations and
depressions. Along
the aspects
1
Ganges in the south-west is found a strip of damp alluvial ground, while the rest of the District lies in the uplands, which contain sandy hillocks and ridges both on the east and west, and sink a little towards the centre. The chief tributary of the Ganges is the
R a m g a n g a , a large river with a very variable channel, which traverses the west of the District and is joined near its confluence with the Ganges by the Garra. Through the central depression flows the Sai, while the Gumti forms the eastern boundary, its banks being marked by rolling hills and undulating plains of sandy composition, and by small ravines. In the central depression are found manyy///A -
or swamps, the largest of which is the D a h a r L a k e near Saudi; and the same tract contains broad stretches of barren itsar land. The District exposes nothing but alluvium, in which kankar or calcareous limestone is found. The usar or barren land is often covered with saline efflorescences. Hardoi still contains a large area of jungle and uncultivated land ; but the former is chiefly composed of dhdk (Butea fromiosa), and the only vegetation on the sandhills is a tall grass, whose large waving white plumes form a graceful feature in the landscape. Fig-trees, especially the banyan, and bamboos are numerous : but groves of mangoes are not so common as in the neighbouring Districts, though their area is increasing. Wolves are found near the Oumti, and nilgai haunt a tew jungles. The antelope is still common in most parts. Jackals ajul hares are very abundant. The District is rich in wild-fowl, and fish are caught in all the larger rivers and tanks. The District is generally healthy, and its climate is cooler and drier than the greater part of the rest of Oudh. The average mean monthly
IIA R I) 01 DISTRIC T temperature ranges from about 50° in January to 95° in June, while the maximum seldom rises above 105° in the shade. Rain is equally distributed in all parts, the average annual fall being about 32 inches. Large variations from year to year are, however, common. Thus, in 1867 the rainfall amounted to 67 inches, and in 1896 to only 17 inches. The early traditions of this District are connected both with the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. During the Buddhist and early ^ ^ Hindu period its history is a blank. According to * popular legend, the Rajputs and early Muhammadan settlers found the District inhabited by Thatheras. It is, however, probable that these were not the brass and copper workers who are now called by this name, but that the word has been altered by a false etymology. A general in the army of Mahmud of Ghazni is said to have raided the District in 1019, after the fall of Kanauj, and many traditions are current about the passage of Saiyid Salar a few years later. Muhammadan rule did not, however, commence till the reign of Altamsh, when the whole District was acquired. In the fifteenth century HardoT passed under the new kingdom of Jaunpur; and owing to its situation near the fords leading to the great city of K a n a u j it formed the scene of many sanguinary battles during the next 150 years. It was here that the Shark! kings of Jaunpur mustered their forces and bade defiance to the LodT sovereigns of Delhi. After their defeat at Panlpat in 1526 the Afghan nobles still held Kanauj and the country north-east of the Ganges. Babar and his son and successor, Humayun, drove out the Afghans for a time; but when Humayun had suffered defeat at Chausa in 1539, his own brother turned against him and seized Bilgram. In the following year Slier Shah marched through the District and encamped opposite Kanauj, which was occupied by Humayun. The emperor crossed the river, but his defeat entailed the downfall of Mughal rule for the time. The Afghans were finally subdued early in the reign of Akbar, who included the District in the sarkars of K h a i r a b a d and Lucknow, and little is known of it till the break-up of the Mughal empire. Hardol formed part of the territory of the Nawabs of Oudh, and from its position was the border-land between Shuja-ud-daula and the Rohillas. From 1773 a brigade of British troops was stationed close to Bilgram for a few years, till its transfer to Cawnpore. In later times HardoT was one of the most lawless tracts in the whole of Oudh, and Sleeman described the talukddrs in 1849 as openly defiant of the king’s officers. At annexation in 1856 a District was formed with head-quarters at M a l l a n n v a n . A year later the Mutiny broke out and the country was plunged into anarchy. A column of 400 sepoys, who had been dispatched
POPULA TIO A 45 from Lucknow, broke into rebellion early in June, when the Ganges was reached. The troops at Mallamvan also mutinied and seized the treasury, but the District officials escaped to Lucknow. All the taluk- ddrs , with the exception of the Raja of Katiyari, and the people generally joined in the rebellion and sent levies to Lucknow. In April, 1858, after the fall of the capital, General Walpole marched through, fighting two engagements ; but it was not till near the close of the year that the rebels were finally reduced. The head-quarters of the District were then moved to Hardoi. Many ancient mounds, which are locally ascribed to the Thatheras, may contain relics of Buddhist and early Hindu periods, but they still await exploration. The chief Muhammadan remains are at B ilgram ,
allannvan , P
ihani , and S
and T. The District contains 10 towns and 1,888 villages. Population . increased between 1869 and 1891, but decreased slightly in the next decade. At the four enumerations the numbers were : . (1869) 931,377, (1881) 987,630, (1891) 1,113,211, opuation.^ and (1901) 1,092,834. There are four tahslls —H ardoi , S hahacao
, B ilgram , and S and
I la —each named from its head-quarters. The principal towns are the municipalities of S hahabad
, S and
T la , and H ardo
I, the District head-quarters, and the ‘notified areas’ of S and
? and
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